Ua-nws-koj Tus Kheej Lub Qhov Rooj Qub: Txoj Kev Laus Thiab Cov Lus Qhia Ib Qib Zuj Zus Rau Kev Ua Haujlwm Nrog Daim Duab

2024 Tus sau: Bailey Albertson | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 12:59

Oversized qhov rooj: txoj kev muaj hnub nyoog ntawm lub qhov rooj nplooj

Nws yog cov khoom hnav zoo nkauj, txawm hais tias kim heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog suav cov khoom uas tau muaj sia nyob ntau pua xyoo rau hauv kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog lub laj thawj rau lub siab, vim tias koj tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tsis kam yuav qhov zoo kawg hauv kev xaiv cov kev ywj pheej ntawm cov rooj tog ntoo hauv tsev. Piv txwv li, cov qhov rooj laus hauv txoj hauv kev tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem muab chav yooj yim rau cov chav tsis muaj keeb kwm.

Cov Ntsiab Lus

• 1 Cov hau kev rau cov laus qhov rooj

  • 1.1 Npaj kev ua ub no

    1.1.1 Daim Duab Video: Tshem cov xim qub thaum npaj lub qhov rooj rau kev laus

  • 1.2 Txhuam Txhuam

    1.2.1 Yees duab: yuav ua li cas ua cov ntoo laus nrog cov pob zeb tawg

  • 1.3 Kev Tiv Thaiv

    1.3.1 Yees duab: qhov rooj kho kom zoo nkauj nrog patina

  • 1.4 Kev Tsim Txom

    1.4.1 Yees duab: Yuav ua li cas siv quav ciab tsim abrasions ntawm ntoo

  • 1.5 Tawv Muag

    1.5.1 Yees duab: dab tsi tshwm sim rau ntoo tom qab staining

  • 1.6 Kev Phem

    1.6.1 Cov Yees Duab: Yuav ua li cas ib-daim craquelure hloov cov khoom ntoo ua khoom qub

  • 1.7 Tshuaj Kho Mob

    1.7.1 Yees duab: cuam tshuam rau ntoo nrog alkali

  • 1.8 Txoj kev ntsuas cua sov

    1.8.1 Yees duab: cov ntoo ua kom zoo nkauj taws

• 2 Cov lus qhia rau kev laus ua qhov rooj

  • 2.1 Lub Rooj: kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov tha xim sab hauv thiab cov txheej txheem kev laus qhov rooj
  • 2.2 Yees duab: cov laug cam qub raws li lub ntsiab ntawm loft style

Qhov rooj kev laus

Txhawm rau nqa ib yam dab tsi ntxiv rau sab hauv, cov neeg tsim qauv tsim qauv ntau txoj hauv kev rau cov nyom cuav ntawm lub qhov rooj nplooj.

Npaj ua tej yam

Tsis muaj teeb meem li cas txoj kev sib txawv los ua kom lub qhov rooj archaic, kev npaj rau cov haujlwm no yog qhov qub. Nws suav nrog:

1. Dismantling lub qhov rooj nplooj thiab tshem tawm cov fittings.
2. Scraping tua cov xim qub lossis cov kua roj vanish nrog lub roj hmab ua npuas ntoo tom qab cov cua kub tshwj xeeb nrog lub tsev ziab plaub hau.
3. Tso cov nplaim kom thiaj li ua rau cov kab nrib pleb thiab lwm yam tsis xws luag.
4. Sanding kom tshem tawm tsis sib xws.

Cov kev ua txuas ntxiv yog nyob ntawm qhov koj xav tau los ntawm kev laus ua lub qhov rooj.

Daim Video: tshem cov xim qub thaum npaj lub qhov rooj rau kev laus

Kev txhuam

Los ntawm kev thov txhuam txhuam, koj tuaj yeem hloov tus qauv thiab xim ntawm lub qhov rooj nplooj uas ua los ntawm cov ntoo ntawm yuav luag txhua hom, tsis suav nrog maple, alder, cherry, pear thiab beech. Cov thev naus laus zis tau los ntawm kev tshem cov fibers ntawm cov ntoo sab saum toj nrog cov hlau txhuam kom huv thiab siv cov xim xas xim hauv cov xim dub, txiv kab ntxwv, ntsuab, ntshav lossis xim liab, hloov ua cov khoom siv tom hav zoov kom zoo nkauj.

Tom qab txhuam hniav, lub qhov rooj zoo li tsis muaj dab tsi vim tias nws muaj qhov chaw tsaus thiab lub teeb sib piv nrog txhua lwm.

Kev txhuam hniav yog ua raws li hauv qab no:

1. Lub qhov rooj nplooj yog me ntsis moistened nrog dej thiab ua tib zoo txhuam nrog ib tus hlau txhuam, txav nws tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov fibers. Txhawm rau kom ua tiav txoj kev no thiab siv dag zog tsawg, ib txoj hlua hlau txhuam muab tso rau ntawm lub grinder.

2. Lub tshuab txhuam hlau yog hloov nrog cov txhuam tshwj xeeb-txuas (thaum siv tus grinder) lossis ib daig ntawm cov ntawv ci ci. Ua cov nplaim ntoo kom txog thaum nws tshem tawm ntawm qhov ntxhib thiab tawv.

   

   Lub grinder nrog tshwj xeeb nozzle tso cai rau koj kom tshem tawm cov txheej saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm ntoo thiab qib lub qhov rooj nplooj

3. Nqa cov chisel, cov ntoo canvas yog tawg nrog cov grooves, uas yuav muab lub tswv yim hais tias ntoo twb tau them nrog kab nrib pleb txij li lub hnub nyoog laus thiab muaj daim tawv nyias.
4. Cov chaw puag ncig yog txig ntawm cov sandpapering.
5. Cov xim emulsion tau thov rau daim nplooj npog qhov rooj, uas tuaj yeem muab cov ntoo ntoo uas muaj kua xim, lossis muaj cov stain. Txhawm rau kom ua tiav qhov zoo nkauj, cov khoom yog coated nrog cov xim muaj hlau uas muaj cov hmoov hlau zoo li kub lossis nyiaj. Muab zais rau hauv lub qhov hws ntawm ntoo, ib qho xim tshwj xeeb yuav ci thaum lub qhov rooj teeb pom kev los ntawm lub hnub duab tshav.
6. Tus ntoo nto yog sanded thiab kho nrog txawm quav ciab lossis kua roj vanish.

Daim vis dis aus: yuav ua li cas txiav ntoo laus nrog cov kab nrib pleb

Kev npliag

Kev pleev tshuaj tiv thaiv yog qhov pom lub siab kom muab cov ntoo niaj hnub zoo nkauj dua nrog kev pab ntawm txheej txheej uas hais txog kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov neeg carving

Txhawm rau tsim ib zaj duab xis nyob saum npoo ntawm ntoo, pleev xim acrylic lossis cov kua roj vanish tshwj xeeb ntawm xim av, kub, xim liab thiab ntsuab yog siv.

Txog qhov kawg no:

1. Lub qhov rooj xoom tau muab tso rau kom muaj khaub hlab thiab khau khiab.
2. Cov ntoo yog kho nrog ib tug primer.

3. Thaum lub qhov rooj qhuav, ib lub tsho tiv no siv rau nws - tus neeg saib xyuas xim ntawm qhov haum, piv txwv li, ntsuab ntxoov ntxoo (patina).

   

   Patina tso cai rau koj ua cov xim ntawm cov ntoo ntau dua nthuav thiab tsis xwm yeem.

4. Tom qab 24 teev, thawj txheej txheej ntawm xim muaj xim nrog xuab zeb thiab kho nrog xim dua.

5. Qee qhov chaw ntawm lub qhov rooj luag nyav los yog pleev xim nrog xim nrog kub los yog tooj nplas, tshwj xeeb nce qib kev laus ntawm lub qhov rooj nplooj.

   

   Qee qhov ntawm lub qhov rooj npog nrog tus kub Hawj txawm, uas ua rau pom tseeb tias lub qhov rooj qub txeeg qub teg yog txhim kho

6. Txhawm rau muab cov xim pleev xim rau, cov ntoo saum npoo yog kho nrog cov kua roj vanish lossis gloss.

Daim video: lub qhov rooj kho kom zoo nkauj nrog patina

Puas tsim

Xav kom muaj hnub nyoog zoo ntawm lub qhov rooj, lawv tsim abrasions. Lawv cov tsos yog ua tiav los ntawm txoj kev siv quav ciab lossis paraffin.

Lub qhov rooj tau kho nrog muaj cov tshuaj khov uas muaj raws li hauv qab no:

1. Lub qhov rooj nplooj yog them nrog cov xim tsaus nti thiab qhuav rau ob hnub.

2. Qee qhov ntawm lub qhov rooj tau smeared nrog siv quav ciab. Lawv tsis sim ua kom muaj ib qho kev kos duab - cov dej khov ua ke muaj xws li thov siv.

   

   Ciab yuav ua rau qee qhov khoom ntawm cov khoom ntoo zoo dua, uas yuav ua rau nws pom tias lwm qhov ntawm lub qhov rooj frayed

3. Tus ntoo yog rov pleev xim rau, tab sis rau qhov no lawv siv muaj pes tsawg leeg ua ke ob peb lub suab dua dua ib qho dhau los.
4. Siv quav ciab yog ua tib zoo scraped tawm ntawm cov canvas, nyob rau hauv uas yog qhov chaw zais kho tsuas yog nrog tsaus nti emulsion.
5. Lawv tos tau ob peb hnub rau daim ntaub khov qhuav kom tiav, thiab tom qab ntawd lawv mob siab rub nws nrog ntawv txhuam.

6. Qhov qub saib los ntawm lub qhov rooj yog kev nyas nrog stain uas tuaj yeem hais txog qhov kev ntxhib los mos ntawm ntoo.

   

   Lub qhov rooj tuaj yeem kho nrog tsis tsuas yog yooj yim tab sis kuj siv quav ciab

Video: yuav ua li cas cov ciab tsim cov nplawm ntoo ntawm ntoo

Txoj kev kho cov xim

Rau tha xim lub qhov rooj nrog lub stain, los yog, hauv lwm cov lus, blackening, lawv ua, xav ntxiv ntau ntau caum xyoo rau lub hnub nyoog ntawm lub qhov rooj hauv txoj kev yooj yim. Qhov teeb meem yog daws ib kauj ruam:

1. Cov khoom siv ntoo tau khaws cia nyob rau ob peb hnub hauv qhov chaw uas muaj qhov cua zoo, yog li tso cai rau cov khoom kom tshem tau ntawm dampness.
2. Cov ntaub ntoo yog txhuam nrog cov ntawv ntoo, txav raws cov fibers.

3. Txhawm rau kom paub seb cov khoom siv ntoo zoo li cas tuaj yeem nqus cov ntsej muag blackening, qhov kev sim tshwj xeeb yog nqa tawm: cov xim xeb yog siv rau cov txiag uas ua los ntawm cov ntoo tib lub qhov rooj. Feem ntau tom qab ntawd, lawv los txiav txim siab tias ib txheej ntawm cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb yuav tsis txaus.

   

   Txhawm rau txiav txim siab tus naj npawb ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, cov khoom lag luam yuav tsum xub siv rau cov ntsuas ntsuas.

4. Siv txhuam txhuam, khaub hlab los sis daim txhuam cev, stain lub qhov rooj ntoo nrog kev txav ceev. Txog thaum qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj sij hawm kom qhuav, nws kis tau saum thaj chaw nrog daim ntaub qhuav thiab muag muag, tshem tawm cov dhau heev. Feem ntau cov khoom yog kho nrog stain hauv 2-3 kauj ruam.

   

   Txoj kev ntshaus yog smeared rau ntawm ntoo nrog kev txav ceev, ua haujlwm nrog hnab looj tes

5. Tom qab tos rau lub qhov rooj saum npoo yuav tsis huv kiag li, xuab zeb nws nrog ib daim ntaub. Ua ntej, ib daim khaub hlab yog nqa nrog cov ntoo ntoo, thiab tom qab ntawd tso ncaj.

6. Ib lub qhov rooj nrog txheej tuab ntawm stain yog kho nrog kua roj vanish lossis ciab.

   

   Lub qhov rooj khov kho tau saib zoo nkauj tshaj li

Video: dab tsi tshwm sim rau ntoo tom qab staining

Nrib pleb

Ib txoj hauv kev nthuav dav rau lub hnub nyoog nplooj nplooj ntoo yog kom nphoo nws nrog cov kab nrib pleb. Cov txheej txheem hu ua kev tawg thiab cuam tshuam nrog kev siv ib hom xim tshwj xeeb uas koj tuaj yeem pom cov txheej txheej twg thov rau saum npoo ua ntej.

Kev nrib pleb tsim ib qho qauv tsis yooj yim ntawm qhov rooj ntawm lub qhov rooj

Kev txhuam ntawm cov qhov rooj tuaj yeem yog qhov ib - thiab ob feem. Qhov kev xaiv thawj yog yooj yim thiab tuaj yeem thov hauv tsev, thiab qhov thib ob yog qhov nyuaj, uas yog vim li cas nws haum rau cov masters koom nrog kev tsim cov khoom tsis tshua muaj thiab kev kho ntawm cov khoom kos duab qub.

Kev sib faib ua ib qho ntawm cov qhov rooj ntawm lub qhov rooj yog tsim cov kauj ruam ntawm kauj ruam:

1. Lub qhov rooj nplooj ntoo yog ziab thiab ntaub so nrog ntawv thom khwm, tshem tawm cov teeb meem me me ntoo.
2. Ob daim xim acrylic ntawm cov xim sib txawv tau xaiv, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov pom kom meej meej. Ib qho ntawm cov sib txuam yuav tsum yog xim dub thiab lwm tus sib dua.
3. Siv thawj txheej xim ua ntej nrog cov kauj vuam lossis nthuav dav dav ntawm cov khoom ntoo. Nws yuav yog dab tsi - lub teeb lossis tsaus - tsis muaj teeb meem.

4. Sai li txheej txheem txheej pib ntawm cov teeb meem xim tawv tawv, varnish tshwj xeeb tau thov rau saum npoo los tsim cov qauv tshwj xeeb - tawg. Yog tias koj xav kom cov wrinkles yog qhov tob tshaj, cov muaj pes tsawg leeg smeared nrog cov tuab txheej.

   

   Txhawm rau tsim cov txheej txheem tawg, koj yuav tsum siv txheej txheej xim tshwj xeeb thiab cov kua roj vanish

5. Tsis tas tos rau thawj txheej txheej ntawm cov xim pleev xim emulsion kom qhuav, lub qhov rooj tau pleev xim dua, siv cov lus sib txawv ntawm cov xim sib txawv thiab txhuam nrog cov pob zeb muag muag uas yuav tsis kos lub plhaub tawg yooj yim nrog crackle.

   

   Daim ntawv thov siv crackle tom qab ib pliag ua nrog cov nrib pleb

6. Ceeb toom tias cov kab nrib pleb tau tshwm sim ntawm lub qhov rooj, taw qhia qhov ua tiav ntawm lub pob qij tawv tawv, qhov saum npoo ntawm cov khoom yog kho nrog cov kua roj vanish tiav.

Ob qhov sib xyaw ua kom tawg, nco txog lub ntsej muag ntev ntev lacquer dhau ntawm tus qauv (xws li duab nrag), tshwm ntawm lub qhov rooj raws li hauv qab no:

1. Cov khoom ntoo yog degreased los so nrog tus plig dawb, ziab thiab sanded, tshem tawm burrs.
2. Hauv ntau txoj hauv kev, qhov saum npoo yog kho nrog shellac cawv cov kua roj vanish, uas txhim kho kev nplaum ntawm txhua qhov sib xyaw rau ntoo.
3. Tom qab ua kom paub tseeb tias lub qhov rooj tau qhuav, tus neeg saib xyuas crackle tau siv rau ob txheej. Qhov txheej txheej thib ob ntawm cov ntawv tshwj xeeb yog siv tom qab thawj tau ua tiav.
4. Quaj zuaj, uas yog, txheej txheej nrog cov kab nrib pleb uas tau tshwm sim, tau pleev xim dua nrog cov roj pleev xim lossis grated pastels.

Daim vis dis aus: yuav ua li cas xaws ib qho me me hloov cov khoom ntoo ua khoom qub

Siv tshuaj kho

Cov cuab yeej siv tshuaj yog qhov muaj peev xwm los muab ib daim ntoo ntawm sab hauv ib qho kev ua kom pom: ammonia, cov khoom lag luam alkaline siv los ntxuav cov qhov cub ntawm chav ua noj, thiab tooj liab sulfate.

Tshuaj lom neeg laus ntawm lub qhov rooj tsuas yog tso cai yog tias nws tau ua los ntawm cov ntoo tawv, uas yog, tshauv, ntoo qhib, poplar, beech, cherry thiab maple. Hauv ib lo lus, tannins yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom ntawm lub qhov rooj nplooj rau kev ua nrog tshwj xeeb kev ua.

Vim yog cov tshuaj lom neeg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog stains tsaus tuaj yeem nqa ntawm lub qhov rooj

Kev kho qhov rooj tshuaj muaj xws li cov theem hauv qab no:

1. Cov ntoo saum npoo yog qib nrog cov ntawv nplua-nplua.
2. Lub qhov rooj yog them nrog chemistry.

3. Tom qab ob peb hnub, thaum lub sij hawm reagent hardens rau saum npoo, qhov tshaj yog tshem tawm los ntawm tiav lawm txheej siv ib tus hlau txhuam.

   

   Ib txoj xov hlau txhuam yog qhov xav tau kom tshem cov khoom ntau dhau ntawm lub qhov rooj

4. Tus ntoo yog huv nrog dej nrog cov kua qaub me me thiab, yog tias nws tau dhau los yuav tsum muaj cov duab uas yuav tsum tau ua, nws tau maj mam txhuam nrog cov ntawv nplua-nplua nplua.
5. Tom qab ib hnub, yog tias tsim nyog, kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig ntau dua ntawm kev laus, theej tawm qhov kev kho mob ntawm lub qhov rooj nrog chemistry.

Video: cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntoo nrog alkali

Thermal qauv

Qhov nyem thiab nplua nuj tsaus xim ntawm lub qhov rooj ntoo tuaj yeem ua rau dhau los ntawm kev kho cua sov. Kev tshuab lub teeb lossis roj teeb tsa hluav taws yog qhov zoo rau cov khoom lag luam muag muag.

Cov qhov rooj ua haujlwm kom sov yuav rov hais dua rau cov uas nyiam qhov nyem ntawm ntoo

Txhawm rau hlawv ib daim ntaub ntoo, koj xav tau:

1. Tshem cov burrs los ntawm saum npoo los ntawm muab tshuaj ntxuav nws nrog ntawv txhuam.

2. Hlawv cov khoom lag luam mus rau qhov ua kom tau qib.

   

   Tom qab tua phom, ntoo yuav luag tsaus

3. Tshem tawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide tawm ntawm cov hniav nrog ib daim abrasive disc uas ntsia rau ntawm laum lossis cov hlau txhuam.
4. Yog tias nws tsim nyog los ua qhov sib piv ntawm qhov chaw muaj teeb thiab tsaus ntau tshaj li hais lus, stain tus ntoo saum npoo av.
5. Muab cov ntoo kom zoo nkauj ntxoov ntxoo nrog khau polish lossis number case, lossis zoo dua - nrog roj tshwj xeeb.
6. Txo cov npoo av nrog cov ntawv thom khwm kom tshem cov ntoo tuab ntxiv.
7. Kho cov khoom lag luam nrog rooj tog siv quav ciab.

Video: hniav ntoo uas raug rho tawm haujlwm

Cov lus qhia rau kev laus lub qhov rooj

Txhawm rau kom muaj lub tsev sov siab tiag tiag, uas koj tuaj yeem pom qhov kev zoo nkauj, hais txog los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom qub uas haum rau hauv cov huab cua, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab ua ntej qhov tus qauv kos duab ntawm lub tsev thiab tsim qauv ntawm chav yuav yog.

Khoom cuav ntoo laus yuav tsis lwj, tab sis yuav kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv yog tias nws tau tsim hauv cov lus qhia hauv qab no:

• cov style ntawm Lavxias teb chaws qub txeeg qub tes, qhov twg lub qhov cub sawv hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub tsev, muaj puag ncig los ntawm cov ntoo ntoo devoid yam tsis muaj frills;

  

  Ib chav tau dai kom zoo nkauj hauv cov style ntawm Lavxias teb sab qub txeeg qub tes tsuas yog tuaj yeem sau nrog cov khoom yooj yim, kos duab sab hauv

• Kos duab Nouveau, them nyiaj ze rau cov lus qhia me tshaj plaws thiab nqa kev tsim kho kom ze rau kev tsim duab pom;
• alpine style (chalet), raws li kev sib xyaw ntawm cov av ci, ntoo, tha xim thiab parquet;
• baroque, siv zog rau cov khoom loj thiab cov khoom zoo nkauj, uas yog, siv cov rooj tog ntoo txua kom zoo nkauj tshwj xeeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas gilded;

• Cov hom Victorian thiab Gothic, uas yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov khaub ncaws ntawm pob zeb thiab ntoo thiab xim tsaus - xim av thiab xim dub;

  

  Ib chav tsev tau dai kom zoo nkauj hauv Gothic style nyiam qhov tsaus ntuj, uas yog, nws xav tau ntoo, uas tau muab tshwj xeeb tau muab cov duab ntxoov ntxoo dub

• classicism, hais txog qhov nthuav ntawm qhov chaw, muaj kev nplua nuj ntau yam hauv kev nplua nuj, kev sib haum xeeb thiab xim zoo nkauj ntawm kev ua kom zoo nkauj;
• nyob deb nroog style (lub teb chaws), qhov sib txawv ntawm cov uas muaj xim tsis pom kev, tsis muaj ntoo tsis tau, pua pua thiab kho hniav plaster;

• Rococo, tus yam ntxwv tsim los ntawm kev ua duab hauv kev nkhaus, gilding, kos duab kos duab, mosaics thiab ntuj ntoo;

  

  Lub chav rococo zoo li lub tsev pheeb suab Royal, raws li cov rooj tog gilded muab tso rau hauv nws

• Lub teb chaws Yelemees tus qauv, uas yuav tsum muaj cov chav pw nrog lacquered, gilded lossis unpainted khoom nrog cov kab nkhaus, vim tias nws tau pom los ntawm kev xav thiab yooj yim.

Qhov no tsis haum rau lub tswv yim lees paub feem ntau ntawm cov khoom ntoo qub, tab sis, raws li cov neeg tsim qauv, cov khoom qub txig ua ke txawm tias muaj kev lag luam-nroog loj ntawm lub tsev siab, uas ua rau nws tus kheej nyob rau xyoo 1940 hauv Manhattan.

Cib ntsa thiab ntoo laus saib organic hauv tib chav

Txiav txim siab los ntawm cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov cwj pwm, rau lawv txhua tus laus lub qhov rooj yuav tsum tau xaiv ib tus zuj zus.

Cov lus: qhov sib txheeb ntawm cov tha xim sab hauv thiab cov qhov rooj kev laus

Qauv	Cov qhov rooj tsim txoj kev laus
Cov qub txeeg qub tes hauv Lavxias	Kev txhuam hniav, siv quav ciab, kho kub
Niaj hnub	Kev nrib pleb, siv tawv
Chalet	Ciav dej, txhuam hniav, kho kub
Baroque	Kev raug txim, tawg
Kheev	Kev txhuam hniav, siv quav ciab
Ncig Teb Chaws	Kev txhuam hniav, txhuam los yog siv quav ciab, kev kho cua sov
Rococo	Kev nrib pleb, kev zam txim
Gothic	Siv tshuaj kho mob, staining
German style	Kev rau txim, waxing
Looj	Kev txhuam, txhuam los yog siv quav ciab

Yees duab: cov laug cam qub raws li ib qho kev loft style

Ntseeg nws los tsis, kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis txhawb kom tib neeg koom nrog kev txaus siab hauv cov khoom cuav. Kom muaj kev saib xyuas rau lawv yog saum ntuj ceeb tsheej, piv txwv li, lub qhov rooj ntoo hnub nyoog ci ntsa iab yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nqaij thiab radically hloov cov cua hauv chav.