Tus Pas Ntsuas Kub Nyob Hauv Ib Chav Tsev Sib Tsoo: Yuav Ua Li Cas, Yuav Ua Li Cas Thiab Yuav Sau Cov Tshuaj Lom Mercury Li Cas Hauv Tsev, Nws Siv Sijhawm Ntev Li Cas Kom Qhuav Taw

2024 Tus sau: Bailey Albertson | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 12:59

Yuav ua li cas yog tias tus pas ntsuas kub tawg hauv chav tsev

Tej zaum, ntau dua li ib tus neeg laus tuaj yeem nco txog yuav ua li cas thaum yau nws tau ua si nrog kev txaus siab nrog lub pob me me ntawm mercury, ib txwm, tsis paub tias nws yog dab tsi. Thiab dab tsi txaus ntshai gripped cov niam txiv thaum lawv pom nws … Lub ntsuas cua kub tawg yog qhov tshwm sim ntau zaus, tab sis yog li ntawd tsis muaj qhov phom sij tsawg dua, yog li nws tseem ceeb heev kom paub tias yuav ua li cas thiaj li ua kom ncaj rau nws cov feem hauv cov ces kaum ntawm chav tsev.

Cov Ntsiab Lus

• 1 Dab tsi yog qhov phom sij ntawm lub ntsuas hluav taws xob tawg

  • 1.1 Vim li cas vapors muaj kuab lom txaus ntshai rau tsev neeg sib txawv
  • 1.2 Cov tsos mob ntawm kev haus luam yeeb
  • 1.3 Dab tsi yog mercury thiab dab tsi yog qhov txaus ntshai ntawm kev lom nrog cov hlau no - video

• 2 Yuav ua li cas yog tias nws tsoo hauv chav tsev: cov cai rau kev tu chav

  • 2.1 Dab tsi tsis txhob ua yog tias tus pas ntsuas kub hauv tsev tawg
  • 2.2 Yuav khaws cov mercury li cas thiab tsis ua dab tsi - yeeb yaj kiab

Dab tsi yog qhov phom sij ntawm lub ntsuas cua kub tawg

Xyoo 2007, kev siv cov tshuaj ntsuas kub muaj mercury nyob hauv cov tebchaws European tau txwv, tab sis qhov no tseem tsis tau cuam tshuam peb lub xeev. Cov neeg nyob hauv peb lub teb chaws tseem siv qhov ntsuas kub tsis tshua raug tab sis txaus ntshai qhov ntsuas kub. Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias qhov txaus ntshai nyob hauv tus pas ntsuas kub tsis yog cov hlau nws tus kheej, tab sis nws cov ions, uas tau tsim thaum lub sijhawm oxidation ntawm mercury hauv cov cua.

Mercury raws li cov hlau muaj kev nyab xeeb nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej, tab sis cov pa taws tau tsim thaum lub sijhawm nws oxidation yog qhov txaus ntshai heev rau kev noj qab haus huv.

Thaum qhov kub nce siab tshaj +18 degrees, lub evaporation ntawm mercury pib. Thiab tsuas yog hlau vapors muaj kuab lom ntau heev. Thaum koj nqus tau lawv, lawv mus txog koj lub ntsws, uas cov mercury oxidized los ntawm cov enzymes tshwj xeeb. Nws yog cov hlau oxidized uas ua rau cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam hauv lub cev.

Vim li cas cov v mercury vapor yuav phom sij rau ntau tsev neeg?

Feem ntau, qhov txaus ntshai ntawm mercury vapor yog nws cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov hlwb. Mercury lom hauv cov menyuam yaus tuaj yeem ua rau lub hlwb ruamqauj thiab muaj kev ntshaus siab heev. Yog tias ib tug menyuam yaus tau noj lub pob zoo li no, koj yuav pom qhov tshwm sim yuav luag sai - lub ntsej muag yuav xiav, ua tsis taus pa, xeev ntuav, thiab ntuav yuav tshwm sim. Hauv qhov no, tus menyuam yuav tsum quag cawv nrog cov tshuaj pleev xim me me ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate lossis mis nyuj thiab ua rau ntuav thaum hu rau lub tsheb thauj neeg mob.

Cov poj niam cev xeeb tub tseem nyob hauv thaj chaw muaj kev pheej hmoo tshwj xeeb, txij li khub niam txiv, nkag mus hauv tus poj niam lub cev, hla lub cev thiab ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau tus menyuam hauv plab. Raws li qhov tshwm sim - cov kab tsis pom kev tsis meej, nws qeeb lossis lub cev khov, muaj mob loj.

Tsis txhob cia tus menyuam nyob ib leeg nrog tus pas ntsuas kub kom tsis txhob nqus tau mercury thiab nqos nws

Mercury lom cov tsos mob

Hauv theem mob, kev qaug cawv nrog mercury vapor tuaj yeem tshwm sim nws tus kheej raws li hauv qab no:

• tsis qab los noj mov;
• lub taub hau pib mob;
• cov pos hniav o thiab pib los ntshav;
• nws mob kom nqos;
• nws yog xim hlau zoo li tshwm hauv qhov ncauj ntawm qhov ncauj;
• qaub ncaug muaj ntau;
• xeev siab thiab ntuav tshwm sim;
• mob plab heev, qee zaum nrog mob raws plab nrog ntshav;
• mob ntsws muaj ntau heev;
• nyob rau hauv cov mob hnyav tshaj plaws ntawm kev lom, tuag yog ua tau tom qab ob peb hnub.

Ua raws li lub xeev ntawm kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus neeg, qee qhov cim ntawm kev lom yuav tsis tshwm sim.

Nrog me me ntawm cov tshuaj lom me me, koj yuav tsis hnov cov tshuaj lom nyob rau txhua txoj kev. Tab sis, yog tias cov hlau tsis raug tshem tawm hauv tsev, tom qab ib ntus, khaws cia rau hauv lub cev, nws yuav tshwm sim nws tus kheej. Yog li, koj yuav mloog zoo li nkees thiab tsaug zog tas mus li. Kev tsis hnov qab yuav qhia tsis tseg, mob taub hau ntau zaus pib, kev txawj ntse yuav tsawg zuj zus, kev nco yuav ploj zuj zus, kev mloog zoo yuav tsis muaj zog.

Mob taub hau tsis tu ncua yog ib qho qhia tias muaj taug txhuas lub sij hawm ntev

Nrog lub sijhawm nyob ntev hauv ib chav uas muaj mercury nyob ib zaug tawg, lub siab poob, lub siab pib poob, thiab tes tshee tshee tsim tshee (tshee tshee). Hauv cov menyuam yaus, tag nrho cov tsos mob no tshwm sim nrawm dua thiab muaj tus mob ntau.

Mercury yog dab tsi thiab dab tsi yog qhov txaus ntshai ntawm kev lom nrog cov hlau no - video

Dab tsi yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej txhua yam thaum tus pas ntsuas kub tawg:

• tshem tawm cov menyuam yaus, tsiaj txhu thiab txhua tus neeg uas tsis koom nrog kev txo qis (pov tseg mercury) tawm ntawm thaj chaw;
• qhib tag nrho cov qhov cua thiab lub qhov rais kom txo cua qhov cua (qhov cua kub qis dua, qeeb qeeb ntawm cov mercury evaporates) thiab airing;
• kaw lub qhov rooj mus rau chav uas tus pas ntsuas kub tawg kom tsis txhob sib kis tau cov pa phem mus rau lwm chav;
• ntawm qhov nkag mus rau hauv chav sib kis, muab cov khaub hlab tsau rau hauv cov kua dej manganese (2 g ntawm cov tshuaj rau 1 liter dej, lossis kua me ntsis xim);
• Hu rau qhov chaw ze tshaj plaws ntawm Lub Chaw Haujlwm Pabcuam Thaum Muaj Xwm Ceev, thov kev pab;
• pib ntxuav chav.

Yuav ua li cas yog tias nws tsoo nyob hauv ib chav tsev: cov cai rau kev tu chav

1. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, tus neeg uas yuav tshem cov khoom muaj mercury tawm hauv chav tsev yuav tsum tiv thaiv nws tus kheej ntawm nws cov teebmeem. Ua li no, muab ib daim npog qhov ncauj pov tseg kho mob tso rau ntawm koj lub ntsej muag lossis khi koj lub qhov ntswg thiab qhov ncauj nrog daim ntaub so hauv dej los yog dej qab ntsev. Tiv thaiv ob txhais tes nrog hnab looj tes roj hmab. Koj yuav tsum tau rub cov khau npog lossis cov hnab yas zoo tib yam ntawm koj txhais taw, uas yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm thaum tawm hauv chav kis mob.

Tsis txhob khaws cov khoom muaj mercury nrog lub tshuab nqus tsev, siv tawv qhwv lossis tawv tawv. Qhov no yuav ua rau lawv txawm ntau dua kev tsoo thiab kev nrawm ntawm kev sib kis ntawm cov hlau vapors muaj kuab lom

2. Npaj ua ntej txog kev khaws cov tshuaj lom mercury ntim cov hwj iav ntim txog li ib nrab lossis ob feem peb nrog dej lossis kua yeeb yaj kiab ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate. Txhawm rau kom cov hlau pom tseeb, coj lub teeb ntawm lub rooj teeb lossis teeb moos rau nws los ntawm sab. Yob cov tshuaj loj mercury ntau nrog cov txav du nrog tus txhuam muag ntawm daim ntawv ci, thiab tom qab ntawd ncuav mus rau hauv ib lub hwj.

3. Pib khaws cov mercury. Siv cov koob txhaj tshuaj, koob tsis xav tau, thiab txhuam ib qho me me kom sau cov nyiaj me me. Thaum sib sau ua ke, them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau qhov khoob ntawm cov khoom hauv qab ntoo, qhov chaw seem hauv qab ntoo thiab lwm yam kev nkag siab uas mercury yuav tau dov. Txhawm rau kom tshem tawm cov pob npiv tawm ntawm cov pob zeb, ncuav hauv xuab zeb thiab cheb tawm nrog txhuam txhuam.

Kev txhaj tshuaj thiab nqus dej tuaj yeem pab koj sau cov khoom muaj mercury yam tsis siv tes

Mercury tuaj yeem tshem tawm ntawm cov ntaub pua plag nrog nplaum plaster lossis ntaub nplaum; ib lub hlau nplaum tseem tsim nyog. Yog tias ua tau, cov ntaub pua plag tuaj yeem dai rau ntawm txoj kev rau qhov cua kom ntev li ib hlis, tab sis txawm tias nws tsis yog qhov tseeb tias qhov no yuav ua kom nws huv ntawm cov khoom muaj mercury seem. Nws raug nquahu kom ntxuav cov ntaub pua plag hauv xab npum thiab dej qab zib.

Mercury tuaj yeem sau tau los ntawm lub txaj lossis rooj zaum nrog koj txhais tes, tiv thaiv los ntawm hnab looj tes roj hmab, lossis nrog ob daim ntawv sau. Hauv qhov no, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb uas yuav tau hu rau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Xwm Ceev saib xyuas qib ntawm kev sib kis hauv chav nrog muaj vapors muaj kuab lom. Yog tias qee qhov ntawm cov npas tau tswj kom yaj thiab nqus mus rau hauv cov rooj tog lossis chaw txaj, lawv yuav tsis siv ntxiv lawm.

Qee zaum, tsis paub txog, mercury mus rau hauv chav dej. Thiab, yog tias cov khoom tseem tsis tau hais tawm mus rau hauv qab ntawm chav dej lossis tsis tau tsoo lub ntws, lawv tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm ntawm qhov ntawd. Rau qhov no koj tuaj yeem siv ib lub quav. Koj tuaj yeem ua tib zoo xaiv txhua qhov dej tawm hauv qhov dej tawm thiab xaiv tawm cov mercury nrog cov hlau nplaum lossis nrog tes roj hmab hnab looj tes.

Paj yeeb potassium permanganate tov yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev cuam tshuam cov tshuaj lom mercury

4. rho tawm ntawm chav tsev. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, txhua qhov chaw yuav tsum tau so nrog lub teeb liab lub teeb liab ntawm manganese (qhov kev xav no yuav txaus rau neutralize cov hlau) lossis ib qho kev daws teeb meem ntawm dej qab zib thiab xab npum (40 g ntawm ntxhua khaub ncaws xab npum grated ntawm co grater thiab 30 g ntawm ci dej qab zib yog muab rau ib liter dej). Koj tuaj yeem ntxuav cov tshuaj tua kab mob no tawm ntawm cov chaw tom qab ob hnub. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, txoj kev daws teeb meem yuav ua kom nruab nrab cov khoom me me ntawm cov mercury uas tau txiav txim siab rau ntau qhov chaw ntawm chav. Yog muaj kua hlau mercury nyob ntawm koj txhais tes, lawv muab cov tshuaj ntxuav kom huv hauv qhov qub.

Nws raug nquahu kom nqus tag nrho cov khoom siv rau kev sau rau hauv tib lub thawv, yog tias nws haum, lossis hauv hnab ntim ntim hermetically. Tom qab khaws cov tshuaj mercury, koj yuav tsum hu rau Ministry of Emergency Situations txhawm rau txhawm rau paub yuav ua li cas pov tseg ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg khaws cov nyiaj. Nws tseem yog qhov cia siab tias lawv tuaj ntsuas qhov theem ntawm kev sib kis ntawm chav nrog muaj mercury thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, nqa nws txoj haujlwm demercurization.

Lub thawv uas tus pas ntsuas kub tawg thiab muaj kua hlau mercury los ntawm nws tau muab tso rau hauv yuav tsum tau muab kaw thiab tso rau hauv Lub Tsev Haujlwm Xwm Ceev rau muab pov tseg

Dab tsi tsis ua yog tias tus pas ntsuas kub hauv tsev tawg

• Nws yog qhov txaus ntshai heev rau nqus ntawm qhov chaw uas tus pas ntsuas kub poob lawm, txij li cov khoom ua tuag yuav raug tsoo kom ntau, thiab lub vias mercury yuav nyob hauv qhov chaw. Hauv qhov no, chav tsev nws tus kheej yuav ua nrog cov hlau tsis huv. Yog tias chav sib kis tau raug ntxuav nrog lub tshuab nqus tsev, lub cuab yeej yuav tsum muab tso rau hauv ob lub hnab thiab khi nruj, thiab tom qab ntawd nqa tawm hauv tsev mus rau qhov chaw uas muaj cov tshuaj lom muaj mercury nyob hauv. Chav tsev yuav tsum rov ua dua-demercurized siv cov qauv qhia saum toj no;
• koj tsis tuaj yeem tshem cov mercury nrog koj txhais tes dawb; nco ntsoov siv hnab looj tes lossis roj hmab;
• tsis txhob siv cov tshuaj txhuam tu los ntxuav thaj chaw uas tus pas ntsuas kub tau tawg. Qee yam tshuaj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj lom, tsim cov roj cua uas ua rau koj noj qab haus huv;
• koj yuav tsum tsis txhob taug hauv cov chav uas tsis huv nrog mercury hauv khau uas tau chwv cov hlau tsis zoo, txwv tsis pub lwm chav yuav kis tus kab mob;
• nws txaus ntshai pov cov khoom muaj mercury mus rau hauv cov thoob khib nyiab tuaj yeem, vim tias cov hlau no yuav maj mam lom rau ib puag ncig tag nrho;
• tsis pov cov mercury mus rau hauv qhov cub taws - cov pa luam yeeb los ntawm nws ua ke nrog cov vapors uas seem yuav lom cov neeg thiab xwm;
• cov mercury yuav tsum tsis txhob muab pov tseg rau hauv qhov dej phwj. Thaum nws nkag rau hauv nws, cov vapors raug tshem tawm tau tsim, ua paug ntawm tag nrho cov kev lim dej thiab txuas ntxiv maj mam rhuav tshem kev noj qab haus huv ntawm txhua tus neeg nyob hauv ntau cov tsev ntau thiab ntau lub tsev;
• nws tsis tuaj yeem lees txais ntxuav cov khoom thiab tej khoom tsis huv nrog mercury hauv lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws. Cov cuab yeej yuav kis tau nrog nws cov pa, thiab mercury tseem yuav nkag mus rau hauv qhov dej khib nyiab.

Yuav ua li cas sau cov mercury thiab tsis ua dab tsi - yeeb yaj kiab

Xyuas

Tam sim no koj paub yuav ua li cas yog tias tus pas ntsuas kub tawg hauv tsev. Thiab yog tias muaj xwm txheej zoo sib xws hauv koj lub tsev, tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab tiv thaiv koj tsev neeg los ntawm cov pa luam yeeb mercury.