Kev Teeb Tsa Lub Qhov Rooj Hluav Taws: Yuav Ua Li Cas Thiaj Ua Tiav Txoj Kev Teeb Tsa Thiab Dab Tsi Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kev Cai Yuav Tsum Tau Ua

2024 Tus sau: Bailey Albertson | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 12:59

Txhim kho qhov rooj hluav taws

Thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, nws zoo li tias kev teeb tsa lub qhov rooj hluav taws tsis yooj yim - tsuas yog lub qhov rooj hlau ntawm lub qhov rooj qhov rooj. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yog qhov pom ntawm lub ntsej muag tsis pom ntawm cov neeg saib xyuas tsis muaj hnub nyoog. Qhov twg qhov yuam kev tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev noj qab haus huv lossis tseem ua neej nyob, yuav tsum tsis muaj chaw rau qhov tsis muaj qhov tsis txaus siab lossis indolence. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ua raws li thev naus laus zis rau kev txhim kho qhov rooj.

Cov Ntsiab Lus

• 1 Hauv cov chav no tau teeb tsa cov qhov rooj hluav taws

  1.1 Yees duab: phiaj xwm kev khiav tawm hluav taws

• 2 thev naus laus zis rau kev txhim kho lub qhov rooj hluav taws

  • 2.1 Yees duab: nruab ib lub qhov rooj hluav taws
  • 2.2 Yees duab: cov qhov rooj ntsuam xyuas hluav taws
• 3 Kev kho thiab kho cov qhov rooj hluav taws

Hauv cov chav no yog lub qhov rooj tua hluav taws tso

Cov ntaub ntawv pib rau kev txhim kho lub qhov rooj nrog kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv hluav taws yog qhov kev npaj tawm (PE). Kev tsim kho thiab kev pom zoo ntawm PE ua tiav los ntawm lub koom haum muaj ntawv tso cai ntawm qhov tsim theem ntawm kev tsim kho lossis kho dua tshiab (rov kho dua) ntawm lub tsev. Txoj cai ntawm tsoomfwv Lavxias No. 1225 hnub tim 30 Lub Kaum Ob Hlis, 2011 tswj hwm tus txheej txheem ntawm kev muab ntawv tso cai los ntawm Ministry of Xwm Ceev rau kev teeb tsa, kho thiab kho cov khoom hluav taws kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov chaw tsim kho vaj tse thiab thaj chaw nyob.

Cov phiaj xwm hauv pem teb yog ib feem ntawm txoj kev npaj ua kom muaj kev khiav tawm ntawm tib neeg thiab khoom hauv tsev.

Video: daim phiaj xwm khiav tawm

Lub qhov rooj hluav taws (PD) yog tsim los txiav tawm ntawm sab hauv hluav taws thiab nres qhov kev sib kis ntawm cov khoom sib txuas (pa taws thiab carbon monoxide). Yog li ntawd, lawv yuav tsum ntsia:

• hauv niches rau cov khoom siv ntau lawm thiab sib txuas lus;
• hauv chav ntsuas chav ntawm elevators, escalators, thiab lwm yam khoom nqa ntawm cov khoom thauj;
• nyob hauv cov chav cav hauv cov cuab yeej siv cua, cov pa nqus thooj pa;
• nyob rau hauv cov qhov siv rau tso kev sib txuas lus thiab xaim hluav taws xob;

• hauv cov chav rau khaws cov khoom ua paug kub hnyiab thiab cov khoom siv phom sij;

  

  Cov qhov rooj hluav taws tau teeb tsa thaum lub sijhawm tsim kho ntawm cov chaw tso khoom

• nyob rau hauv cov chaw ua haujlwm hauv cov chaw nres tsheb tso hluav taws xob, cov khoom faib tawm cua sov, cov hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob muaj chav ua haujlwm.

Ib qho ntxiv, kev teeb tsa lub qhov rooj ruaj ntseg yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua:

• hauv kev hla thiab tawm ntawm lub tsev;
• ntawm qhov chaw tawm thiab nkag mus los ntawm qhov chaw nthab rau cov ntaiv;
• ntawm cov qhov rooj tawm thiab cov khoom nkag los ntawm kev nqa lub elevator mus rau hauv cov plag tsev;
• ntawm qhov tawm thiab nkag mus rau hauv qab daus thiab hauv qab daus.

Lwm qhov chaw ntxiv rau PD txoj kev teeb tsa, nyob ntawm qhov phiaj xwm tshem tawm:

• sab hauv qhov rooj hauv cov chav uas cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia, hauv cov chaw khaws cia;
• ya davhlau ntawm cov ntaiv dhau los uas qhov kev khiav tawm ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv lossis cov neeg ua haujlwm raug coj ua;
• server thiab hluav taws xob tswj chav nruab nrog lub twj ua haujlwm;
• lub qhov rooj sab nraud rau lub tsev;

• mus kom ze rau kev ntxias dag siab thiab saum ru tsev;

  

  Lub ru tsev nruab rau cov chaw ua si yuav tsum tau nruab nrog lub qhov rooj tua hluav taws

• txoj kev hauv tsev ua rau thaj chaw muaj neeg coob coob, chaw ua si lom zem thiab lwm yam.

Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb hauv Cov Cai yog muab rau pej xeem huab hwm thiab cov koom haum. Cov no suav nrog:

• cov tuam tsev kev lag luam thiab cov chaw ua haujlwm uas muaj cov neeg tuaj saib xyuas tas li;
• cov tsev ntawm cov tsev txhab nyiaj, chaw ua haujlwm, cov tsev cog qoob loo;
• cov tsev kawm tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tshawb txuj ci thiab txuj ci txuj ci;
• chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau, tsev kho mob, khw thiab chaw lom ze;
• thaj chaw ntawm kev lag luam muab cov kev pabcuam rau cov pejxeem, nyob rau hauv cov neeg tuaj saib coob dua cov neeg ua haujlwm pabcuam;
• cov tsev nyob nrog cov tsev neeg sib cais thiab ntau tsev neeg;
• cov tsev tos qhua, tsev tos qhua;
• sanatorium thiab chav tsev so;
• chaw ntau pob thiab chaw uas muaj kev sib sau ua ke - cov koom haum, tsev ua yeeb yaj kiab, tsev qiv ntawv, cov tsev ua yeeb yaj kiab, thiab lwm yam;

• cov koom haum kev sib raug zoo nrog cov neeg nyob ruaj khov lossis chaw nyob ib ntus - cov neeg ua haujlwm polyclinics, tsev kawm ntawv, cov chav zov menyuam thiab chaw zov menyuam, tsev kawm ntawv nce, tsev kho mob, thiab lwm yam.

  

  Ob lub tsev koom nrog pej xeem thiab koom haum yuav tsum tau nruab nrog lub qhov rooj hluav taws

SNiP 01.21.97 qhia txog tus lej ntawm ntsia PD. Hauv cov tsev uas muaj ntau dua kaum tus neeg nyob ib txwm muaj, xws li cov tsev laus, cov chaw tu neeg mob, chaw tu menyuam ntsuag, nws yog ib qho uas yuav tsum tau nruab tsawg kawg ob qhov chaw tawm xwm ceev tau nruab nrog PD. Hauv qab daus thiab hauv qab daus, muaj chaw tawm ncaj qha sab nraum lub tsev. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nqa, zawv zawg qhov rooj thiab tig tsis khov tsis suav tias yog kev khiav dim. Nrog thaj chaw tshaj 300 m ² thiab ntau dua 15 tus neeg nyob ntawd, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los nruab ob txoj kev khiav dim.

Nws tseem piav qhia cov txheej txheem los laij qhov dav ntawm lub qhov rooj nkag, uas tau sib haum rau ib qho xwm txheej tshwj xeeb. Qhov dav ntawm PD yog cuam tshuam los ntawm:

• tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg ib txhij hauv tus qauv (tsis pub tsawg tshaj 1.2 m yog tias ntau tshaj 15 tus neeg khiav tawm);
• tus naj npawb ntawm cov plag tsev hauv lub tsev;
• ntu ntawm txoj kev uas yuav tawm los ntawm cov chaw deb tshaj plaws uas cov neeg nyob.

Hluav taws qhov rooj tshuab thev naus laus zis

Niaj hnub no tsis muaj cov ntawv pov thawj cov ntawv txhua yam uas yuav raug piav qhia txog PD installation technology. Tsuas yog cov tseev kom muaj ntawm lub qhov rooj nws tus kheej kom meej meej cov kev tswj hwm - cov khoom siv, kev tsim kho thiab kev sim ntsuas qhov ntsuas, nrog rau cov chaw teeb tsa sab hauv. Yog li ntawd, cov tsim kho hauv kev coj ua tau coj los ntawm GOST 31173 ntawm 2003, uas txiav txim siab thev naus laus zis rau kev txhim kho lub qhov rooj hlau. Txawm hais tias nws muaj qhov taw qhia ncaj qha tias tus qauv tsis siv rau cov khoom siv ua "hluav taws xob tsis zoo".

Cov koomhaum txhim kho uas tau koom rau hauv kev teeb tsa ntawm PDs yuav tsum tau muaj daim ntawv tso cai tsim nyog

Daim ntawv tso cai tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm daim ntawv ntaus thwj

Kev cob qhia neeg ua haujlwm thiab kev qhia raug kaw. Cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog cov teeb tsa kev teeb tsa muaj nyob hauv lub voj voog sab hauv ntawm chav haujlwm.

Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm qhov dav ntawm lub ntiaj teb thoob plaws lub vev xaib, muaj ntau qhov chaw uas muaj kev cob qhia kev pabcuam rau kev teeb tsa ntawm PD thiab muab cov lus qhia ib qib zuj zus rau kev teeb tsa, tsis nco qab hais txog qhov tseeb tias kev lees txais yog nqa los ntawm cov neeg soj ntsuam hluav taws ntawm Ministry of Xwm Ceev, uas yuav ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov yuav tsum tau ib tug installation ua … Thiab yog tias lub koom haum kev teeb tsa tsis muaj ntawv tso cai los ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Pabcuam Xwm Ceev rau kev teeb tsa lub qhov rooj hluav taws, ces kev sib tham yuav xaus rau qhov ntawd.

Kev lees txais ntawm lub qhov rooj tua hluav taws yog nqa los ntawm tus kuaj xyuas hluav taws, uas kos tawm thiab kos npe rau daim ntawv pov thawj lees txais

Txoj kev no, tsoomfwv cov kev pabcuam siv tag nrho lub luag haujlwm rau ob lub qhov rooj tsis zoo thiab qhov kev tsim kho. Cov qhua tuaj noj mov tsuas yog tswj cov khoom siv yooj yim thaum lub sij hawm teeb tsa, uas yog qhov xam nrog hauv PD raws li "kev thaiv rooj steel".

Video: nruab ib lub qhov rooj hluav taws

Peb rov xa dua GOST 31173, uas hais tias:

1. Lub qhov rooj hlau thaiv tau tsa rau hauv qhov qhib, ua haujlwm sib luag ntawm txoj kab ntsug. Kev tso cai yuam kev yog 3 hli rau qhov siab ntawm qhov khoom.
2. Cov khawm khov kho yog ua rau txoj kab ncaj ncaj ntawm lub qhov rooj ncej ntawm qhov ntev ntawm tsawg kawg 70 cm. Cov thauj tog rau nkoj uas muaj qhov loj ntawm 10 mm lossis ntau dua yog siv.
3. Mounting qhov khoob ntawm lub qhov rooj thav duab thiab lub qhov qhib tau ntim nrog polyurethane ua npuas nrog rau kev quav ntxiv. Cov xim ntawm no ua npuas dej muaj qhov xim daj liab qab.
4. Qhov txawv ntawm cov ncej ntsug thiab txoj kab rov tav ntawm lub qhov rooj ncej ntawm lub axis yog kwv yees suav nrog cov qauv kev tsim kho: 1.5 hli rau 1 khiav qhov ntev ntawm qhov ntev, tab sis tsis ntau tshaj 3 hli rau qhov siab ntawm cov khoom.

Ua ntej pib txoj kev teeb tsa, nco ntsoov tias lub qhov rooj xa tawm tau dhau txoj kev kuaj hluav taws. Qhov no tau xav txog hauv cov ntaub ntawv xa nrog thiab cov npe ntawm lub npe, uas tau khawm lub qhov rooj lub cev lossis tsau nrog cov hlau hlau ntawm tus ncej. Cov phau ntawv hla kev muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lub chaw tsim khoom, chav kawm tiv thaiv hluav taws, khoom siv. Rau PD, yuav tsum tau ua tiav cov khoom sib dhos rau kev sib dhos, suav nrog lub qhov rooj sib txig, cov khoom siv khov kho thiab qhib tuav.

Daim vis dis aus: kev ntsuam xyuas qhov rooj hluav taws

Cov neeg tsim khoom yuav tsum muaj daim ntawv tso cai los tsim hluav taws qhov rooj. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau cov tshuaj sib xyaw xim, uas tseem muaj chav tawm tsam hluav taws. Tej daim thiab nti pleev xim rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom yog qhov tsis tuaj yeem.

Tom qab ua tiav ntawm cov haujlwm, cov neeg siv khoom kuaj cov haujlwm ntawm cov tshuab muaj hluav taws xob ntawm lub qhov rooj tua hluav taws. Qhov no suav nrog cov khoom hauv qab no:

• nruj ntawm lub qhov rooj nplooj ncig ntawm tag nrho puag ncig yuav tsum zoo ib yam;
• qhov ze dua ntseeg nkaws thiab tsis ntxig rov qhib qhov rooj qhib rau nws qhov chaw nyob qub;
• Cov kab xev Thermo-kev ruaj ntseg zoo ruaj khov raws nws ntev tag nrho;
• thaum lub qhov rooj xau kaw, lub roj hmab foob tau nrawm los ntawm 30-50%.

Tu thiab kho cov qhov rooj hluav taws

Kev tshuaj xyuas kev tsim nyog ntawm PD ua haujlwm yog nqa los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv lub koomhaum pabcuam. Raws li txoj cai, qhov no yog tib lub tuam txhab uas ua qhov kev teeb tsa. Tus ntau yog teev nyob rau hauv daim ntawv cog lus muaj feem xyuam. Lub sijhawm ntau ntawm kev kuaj xyuas yog 3 xyoos. Tom qab lub sijhawm no, nyob hauv txoj haujlwm ntawm txoj cai, kev ua haujlwm ntawm hluav taws ntawm lub qhov rooj rov tau lees paub. Tsuas yog thaum cov mob no tau ua tiav, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov canvas txuas ntxiv rau lwm 3 xyoos.

Dab tsi koj yuav tsum them sai sai rau lub sijhawm ua haujlwm? Koj yuav tsum hu rau tus sawv cev ntawm cov tuam txhab pabcuam yog tias koj muaj:

1. Malfunction ntawm kev ze dua. Unbalance lossis tshaj kev quab yuam uas xa qhov rooj nplooj mus rau qhov chaw kaw. Yog tias qhov los ze zog ua haujlwm tsis sib xws, nws kaw lub qhov rooj nrog lub qhov rooj kiag los yog tsis ua tiav (tsis kaw lub xauv).

   

   Qhov ze dua yuav tsum tau kho los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij.

2. Kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub qhov rooj qhib. Kev txeeb thiab cov hlau sib tsoo yog lus ceeb toom. PD lubrication tsis txawv, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob sim kho qhov ua haujlwm tsis zoo rau koj tus kheej. Thiab nws tsis zoo li qhov no yuav ua haujlwm, txij li nkag mus rau lub qhov rooj hinges kaw.
3. Cov txau ntawm cov xim thiab foci ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm xeb ntawm thaj av ntawm PD yog tshem tawm los ntawm cov kev siv tshwj xeeb siv hmoov av. Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob zas cov cheeb tsam muaj teeb meem nrog cov hnab looj tes zoo nkauj, lawv yooj yim tawg yooj yim.
4. Tus kheej-nthuav ntaub nplaum tev tawm yog ib qho teeb meem uas nquag. Lub hom phiaj ntawm lub cuab yeej no yog kom ntxiv qhov nruj ntawm lub qhov rooj thaum rhaub (hluav taws). Nws txuas rau lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm tus kheej-nplaum. Tab sis dhau sijhawm, vim muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov kub thiab av noo, sau ntawv, cov kua nplaum dries tawm thiab daim ntaub ntog tawm. Yog tias koj pom qhov kev tiv thaiv no, koj tsis tas yuav sim muab nws nrog kua nplaum ntawm chaw ua haujlwm. Nws yog qhov zoo dua yog hu rau tus pabcuam kev pabcuam, nws yuav daws qhov teeb meem kev txawj ntse.

Hauv kev xaus, Kuv xav hais qhia ib zaug ntxiv tias tsuas yog thiab cov ntawv tseem ceeb uas tus neeg yuav tsum tau nruab lub qhov rooj tua hluav taws yog daim ntawv tso cai siv tau los ntawm Ministry of Emergency hais txog thaj chaw thiab tau kos npe los ntawm tus neeg lub luag haujlwm. Lub sijhawm nws siv tau yog 1 xyoos.