Cov Npog Hauv Pem Teb Rau Chav Ua Noj: Hom, Qhov Zoo Thiab Tsis Pom Zoo, Uas Hauv Pem Teb Yog Qhov Zoo Dua Los Ua, Cov Tswv Yim Tshaj Lij, Duab

2024 Tus sau: Bailey Albertson | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 12:59

Cov ntaub ntawv ua tiav rau chav ua noj hauv tsev

Lub chav ua noj yog chav ua luam siab, yog li ntawd, cov npoo npog ntawm no yuav tsum tiv taus cov khoom thauj khoom ntau - tsis yog tsuas yog cov khoom siv, tab sis kuj muaj qhov kub thiab zaub mov. Yog li, koj yuav tsum xaiv cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav ua tau txhua yam.

Cov Ntsiab Lus

• 1 Chav ua mov pem teb

  • 1.1 Linoleum
  • 1.2 Laminate
  • 1.3 Ntoo pem teb
  • 1.4 Cork pem teb

  • 1.5 Plooj (veneers) pob zeb hauv av

    1.5.1 lub rooj: hom pob zeb plooj (venice)

  • 1.6 Cov pob zeb hauv av tej hub
  • 1.7 PVC vuas
  • 1.8 Xyoob pem teb
  • 1.9 Ntaub Pua Plag
  • 1.10 Kev Ua Vaj Tse
  • 1.11 Cov theem av ntawm tus kheej
  • 1.12 Muab kev sib txuas pem teb
  • 1.13 Daim Duab Video: Dab tsi cov xim txheej uas haum rau chav ua noj
• 2 Qhov hauv pem teb twg zoo dua los ua: cov lus qhia tsim

Cov chav ua mov pem teb

Ntau cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog rau chav ua noj, tab sis koj yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account peculiarities ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm.

Linoleum

Linoleum yog cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj hauv chav ua noj. Ntau tus tswv tsev xaiv cov khoom siv no vim tias nws cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo:

• tsis kam ua cov dej puas, khov thiab ya raws;
• yooj yim ntawm kev saib xyuas (linoleum tuaj yeem ntxuav tau zoo siv cov xab npum);
• tsis kam rau kev puas tsuaj rau cov tshuab - yog tias ib qho khoom hnyav poob rau hauv pem teb, qhov pom ntawm qhov tsis xws ntawm lub plag yog tsis zoo li.

Tus nqi ntawm linoleum yog tsawg, thiab koj tuaj yeem nteg nws koj tus kheej, yog li kev kho vaj tse siv cov txheej no yuav raug nyiaj tsawg thiab siv tau zoo.

Linoleum yog cov tswv yim ua thiab tsis khoom hauv chav ua noj pem teb.

Lwm qhov zoo dua yog qhov kev xaiv loj ntawm cov xim, qauv thiab tsim. Hauv cov khw muag khoom tshwj xeeb, koj tuaj yeem yuav ib txheej xim ib xim lossis nrog imitation ntawm cov vuas, marble, pob zeb, hlau thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv kim. Rau chav ua noj, semi-coj mus muag linoleum nrog chav hnav tsis kam ntawm 31 lossis 32 yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws.

Tib qho teeb meem ntawm linoleum yog dents thaum cov khoom hnyav nyob rau nws tau ntev. Tab sis yog tias lawv tsis txav mus, tom qab ntawv nws yuav pom txog qhov nyob ntawm dents tsuas yog ua ntej hloov chaw hauv pem teb.

Laminate

Laminate yog daim txiag ntoo los yog fiberboard dice them nrog laminated ntawv nrog tus qauv (qhov tom kawg feem ntau qog ntoo qauv, txawm hais tias muaj cov kev xaiv rau marble, granite thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv zoo sib xws)

Laminate muaj qhov ua tau zoo hauv qab no:

• tsis tshua muaj thermal conductivity;
• yooj yim ntawm kev saib xyuas;
• yooj yim ntawm installation.

Tab sis ua ntej tso laminate flooring hauv chav ua noj, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo xav - nws muaj qhov tsis tshua muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kom ya raws. Txawm hais tias muaj kev sib cuag nrog dej me me tuaj yeem ua rau o ntawm cov khoom, thiab qhov no kev hloov kho yuav tsis yooj yim sua, tag nrho txheej yuav tau hloov.

Laminate flooring tuaj yeem hloov mus los ntawm cov dej ntau

Ntoo ntoo pem teb

Nws tuaj yeem yog cov parquet lossis cov vuas ntoo. Lub tom kawg zoo li cov pobzeb hauv qhov tsos. Lawv txhua tus tuaj yeem sib txawv xws li duab thiab qhov loj me, uas tso cai rau koj kom kos duab rau hauv av.

Parquet yog ib qho yooj yim uas khawb, yog li koj yuav tsum tau hnav tshwj xeeb kev tiv thaiv rau ntawm lub rooj zaum ceg

Ib chav tsev ntoo ua tsev yuav tsum ua tau raws li cov hauv qab no:

• ya raws tsis kam;
• siab kub ua hauj;
• yooj yim ntawm kev saib xyuas;
• ntxiv dag zog.

Cov yam ntxwv no yog muaj los ntawm cov khoom siv tawv tawv. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog ntoo qhib parquet. Yog tias ua tau, nws pom zoo kom yuav ib txheej thermal ntoo txheej (laus hauv qhov kub), txij li cov kev ua no nce lub zog ntawm ntoo - nws yuav tsis warp, qhuav tawm, swell nyob rau hauv tus ntawm noo noo.

Cov khoom siv no kuj muaj qhov tsis zoo:

• raug rau cov tshuab puas, piv txwv, parquet tau yooj yim scratched nrog quav ceg lossis luj taws;
• yog tias nws yog qhov tsim nyog los hloov cov tuag tom qab kev pabcuam ntev lub neej, nws tsis yog ib txwm ua tau los xaiv cov xim yam xav tau thiab qauv, yog li koj yuav tsum tau yuav khoom tam sim ntawd nrog lub npoo loj;
• qhov yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas - ntau lub xab npum tsis tuaj yeem siv, dua li, tsob ntoo muaj peev xwm nqus tau cov dej muaj xim, tom qab uas cov kab stain tseem nyob hauv pem teb.

Rau chav ua noj, nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv lub parquet board uas yog oiled es tsis varnished, vim qhov no yuav txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm ntog rau hauv pem teb nplua.

Cork pem teb

Cork tseem tsis tau muaj npe nrov ntawm cov tswv ntawm chav tsev thiab tsev nyob hauv peb lub tebchaws. Qhov no yog vim muaj qhov tswvyim hais ua dabneeg tias cork pem teb yog puas yooj yim thiab qub vim ya raws. Qhov tseeb, qhov no tsis yog. Hauv pem teb Cork yuav tsis pauv lossis lwj txawm tias koj cov neeg nyob ze dej nyab koj. Muaj lwm yam zoo rau cov khoom siv no:

• qhov muag muag;
• sov siab txog ntuj;
• hypoallergenic;
• kev puag ncig ib puag ncig (av tsis nthuav thiab fungus tsis ntau ntxiv);

• durability - tsis muaj dents los yog khawb yuav nyob twj ywm rau ntawm xws li hauv pem teb. Txawm hais tias ib qho khoom hnyav poob rau nws, nws yuav nrawm nrawm dua nws cov duab qub.

  

  Lub cork pem teb tsis rot lossis hlawv

Muaj ob peb hom cork flooring:

• cov nplaum - yog ob-txheej (lub hauv paus - nias cork, pleev xim zoo nkauj - cork bark veneer) plaub fab ntawm 30 * 30, 45 * 45, 30 * 60 cm, cov nplaum tshwj xeeb yog siv rau kev ua kom nrawm. Qee cov tuam ntxhab tsim cov kab sib tsoo uas zais cov pob qij txha;
• ntab - yog ntoo txiag-fiber txiag nrog ob txheej ntawm cork, uas yog sib txuas nrog txhua lwm yam siv "thorn-zawj" thev naus laus zis.

Rau hauv chav ua noj, nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv cov nplais nplaum, vim tias dej tuaj yeem nkag rau hauv cov xauv tawg. Qee cov chaw tsim khoom lag luam tsim phaj nrog txhav impregnated nrog kev tiv thaiv kev ya raws. Tab sis lawv tseg tsuas yog dej me me rau ntawm hauv pem teb. Yog tias muaj dej txeej loj dua, dej yuav tau txais hauv qab qhov av npog tas mus li.

Muaj cov kev pab no thiab qhov tsis zoo:

• tus nqi siab;
• kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev khawb, tshwj xeeb yog hais tias ib tug miv nyob hauv ib chav tsev nrog cov plag tsev no (tab sis yeej ib txwm muaj lub sijhawm los npog lawv nrog kua roj vanish).

Plooj (veneers) pob zeb hauv av

Porcelain stoneware yog pob zeb cuav. Nws suav hais tias yog cov khoom siv hluavtaws, txawm hais tias nws muaj cov khoom xyaw ntuj. Lub hauv paus yog quartz xuab zeb, kaolin thiab av nplaum.

Porcelain stoneware yog ib qho tsim artificially los ntawm cov khoom siv ntuj tsim

Cov khoom siv pua plag yog square slabs nrog tus du. Porcelain stoneware yog haum rau chav ua noj vim nws qhov zoo:

• lub siab poob siab yam ntxwv;
• ya raws tsis kam (tsis muaj cua pores hauv tus qauv, txhais tau tias dej yuav tsis nkag rau hauv phaj nws tus kheej);
• tsis kam mus rau qhov siab txias, tshuaj lom neeg, khoom noj;
• qhov kev ruaj khov ntawm cov qauv txawm hais tias cov kab nrib pleev me me tshwm ntawm cov pobzeb, vim tias cov khoom siv yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov qauv los ntawm cov kab (lub pob zeb muaj tib lub qauv thoob plaws tag nrho nws cov tuab tuab).

Txhua qhov zoo ntawm cov plooj (porcelain stoneware) tshwj xeeb tau khaws cia tsuas yog cov vuas raug nteg los ntawm cov tub txawg. Qhov no tuaj yeem suav ua ib qho ntawm qhov tsis zoo. Muaj lwm tus:

• ntev lub sijhawm ntawm kev npaj ua haujlwm thiab kev teeb tsa;

• txias nto.

  

  Porcelain stoneware yog cov khoom siv ntev tab sis txias

Nws raug nquahu kom txhim kho matte porcelain stoneware hauv chav ua noj. Nws yog tsim nyog xaiv cov khoom siv nrog cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:

• qeb PEI III, IV, V, uas sib haum rau txheej rau thaj chaw nrog cov tsheb loj;
• abrasion kuj EN 122;
• flexural zog EN 100;
• chav kawm A thiab AA, uas sib haum rau cov npoo npog uas tsis hloov pauv lawv cov tsos nyob hauv qab ntawm qhov muaj kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig;
• caliber - qhov loj me (nws tau tso cai rau nruab laminate ntawm tsis yog ib qho, tab sis cov neeg nyob ze calibers, piv txwv li, cov nplais ntawm caliber 0.8 mus tau zoo nrog cov khoom ntawm caliber 0.9, tab sis nws yuav nyuaj rau koom nrog cov vuas nrog qhov sib txawv me me. ntawm ntau dua 2 hli).

Cov lus: hom plooj (porcelain stoneware)

Cov khoom npe	Xim thiab kev ntxhib los mos	Xim muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab ua tiav	Tus nqi yam ntxwv
Monocolor hom plooj (veneers) pob zeb	Ib leeg-xim ntau yam, matte lossis glossy (polished) nto	Cov xim daj tsis tshua pom muaj nyob hauv qhov	Chav Kawm Kev Lag Luam
Ntsev / kua txob hom	Khoom xim nrog txaws	Dye nrog ntxiv cov khoom siv hluavtaws	Chav kawm economy
Ntaus "Granite" lossis lwm hom pob zeb	Stylized xim thiab kev ntxhib los mos zoo li pob zeb ntuj	Siv rau qhov kawg ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tsis tshua muaj	Cov chav kawm hwm
Hom "Marbled"	Ib hom nplaim xim ntawm ntau cov xim raug qog raws	Ua tiav siv cov dyes thiab cov thev naus laus zis nyuaj	Cov chav kawm hwm
Textured plooj (veneers) stoneware	Txhua nto yog simulated: ntoo, pob zeb thiab lwm yam	Complex patterned drawing siv cov khoom zoo siab	Cov chav kawm hwm

Pem teb tej hub vuas

Cov vuas luaj ceramic yog suav tias yog cov ntaub ntawv zoo ruaj rau hauv chav ua noj. Qhov no yog vim tsis kam tiv taus:

• tshuaj ntxuav hauv tsev;
• kev txhuam;
• ya raws;
• cov khoom lag luam khoom noj, suav nrog cov kua qaub.

Cov nplais hauv pem teb tso cai rau koj dai kom zoo nkauj ntawm chav ua noj hauv txhua hom. Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem xaiv cov pobzeb uas qog cov khoom kim dhau ntawm cov ntawv.

Cov vuas luaj ceramic yog qhov tsis yooj yim, yog li koj yuav tsum tau ceev faj nrog cov khoom hnyav hauv chav ua noj

Thaum ua tiav chav ua mov hauv pem teb, nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv cov vuas matte lossis embossed. Qhov no yuav ua rau koj kom tsis txhob poob ntawm cov plag tsev ntub.

Thaum xaiv cov vuas luaj ceramic rau chav ua noj, nws tsim nyog xav txog txhua yam nws tsis nyiam:

• tsis yooj yim (lub sijhawm thaum caij tsheb thauj mus los lossis thaum ib qho khoom hnyav, tshwj xeeb yog hlau, poob, muaj qhov tshwm sim siab ntawm cov pobzeb tawg);
• qhov chaw txias txias uas koj tsis tuaj yeem taug kev ntawm ko taw (kev npaj ntawm hauv av sov yuav pab kho qhov xwm txheej);
• qhov nyuaj (yog tias lub lauj kaub tais diav poob rau hauv pem teb, txheej yuav tsis ua kom puas, tab sis cov tais diav lawv tus kheej tsis zoo li yuav tsis ua li cas).

PVC vuas

Yeej, PVC vuas yog linoleum txiav rau hauv plaub fab. Yog li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv muaj qhov zoo tib yam, tab sis muaj lwm tus uas txais tau nyob hauv nws:

• yooj yim ntawm kev teeb tsa vim tias muaj cov nplaum puag;
• kev muaj peev xwm los hloov ib nplais yog tias nws tau piam lawm, thiab tsis yog tag nrho pem teb;

• muaj peev xwm los ua ke vuas ntawm cov qauv sib txawv.

  

  Cov vuas PVC txiav linoleum, tab sis nrog ib tus nplaim nplaum

Tab sis thaum xaiv, nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov qhov tsis zoo:

• muaj ntau ntawm cov nqaws dej uas cov dej nkag yooj yim;
• kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm cov khoom o;
• ua kom yooj yim rau kev puas tsuaj rau cov tshuab, hnub ci (ploj mus nyob rau hauv lub hnub);
• kev pab lub neej luv.

Xyoob pem teb

Ib hom tshiab ntawm cov plag tsev uas yog siv hauv chav ua noj niaj hnub. Lawv xaiv nws rau qhov zoo hauv qab no:

• kev nyab xeeb ib puag ncig, hypoallergenic;
• siab lub zog thiab elasticity;
• hnav tsis kam;
• kev ua kom zoo nkauj (xyoob ntoo hauv av muaj cov qauv saum npoo, uas tsis yog ib txwm rau cov khoom ntoo);
• yooj yim ntawm kev saib xyuas.

Qhov zoo ntawm xyoob flooring kuj tseem tuaj yeem suav tias nws raug nqi, uas yog tsawg dua li ntawm ntoo.

Lub xyoob pem teb muaj tsawg tsawg xim

Ntawm qhov tsis zoo yog:

• tsuas pub tsawg xim;
• ntxim nyiam hloov kom tsis txhob nyob rau hauv tus ntawm noo noo.

Ntaub pua plag

Cov ntaub pua tsev yog qhov zoo siab rau lub vov tsev hauv pem teb uas tsis haum rau siv hauv chav ua noj. Qhov no yog vim muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no ntawm cov khoom:

• qhov nyuaj ntawm kev ntxuav (stains los ntawm cov rog, haus, zaub mov yog qhov nyuaj heev rau tshem tawm, feem ntau tsuas yog kev tu kom qhuav tuaj yeem tuav lawv);
• kev tiv thaiv qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov lwj (thaum ntub, cov ntaub pua plag qhuav rau lub sijhawm ntev, thaum tsim cov xwm txheej zoo rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob);

• nquag kev txuam nrog plua plav, uas txhais tau tias asthmatics yuav tsum tsis txhob xav tias daim ntaub pua tsev zoo li hauv pem teb npog.

  

  Cov ntaub pua plag siv sijhawm ntev ua kom qhuav thiab tej zaum yuav tsuas

Kuv muaj ntaub pua plag thoob plaws hauv kuv chav tsev, vim tias kuv nyiam txav ntawm thaj chaw ntawm ko taw liab qab. Yog li ntawd, lo lus nug ntawm kev xaiv cov npoo npog rau chav ua noj yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kuv. Kuv pom ib txoj kev tawm ntawm cov xwm txheej no. Kuv tau xaiv cov pob zeb pua pua rau kev ua tiav hauv pem teb, thiab nyob rau saum toj, hauv cov chaw uas kuv ko taw liab qab ntaiv rau hauv pem teb, Kuv muab cov ntaub pua tsev. Kuv siv lub tshuab ntxuav lawv txhua lub lim tiam thiab tom qab ntawd ua rau lawv tawm sab nraud. Muaj tsis muaj teeb meem txog cov stains, hmoov av thiab tsw ntxhiab tsw rau peb lub xyoos.

Ua Teb

Kev ua vaj tse, nrog kev kho kom zoo nkauj zoo nkauj, tuaj yeem yog cov pem teb zoo tagnrho rau chav ua noj. Nws qhov zoo muaj xws li:

• ya raws tsis kam;
• siab kub ua hauj;
• tsis kam mus rau kev nyuaj siab txhua yam;
• kev pab lub neej ntev (cov pob zeb ua xim txheej tuaj yeem hu ua yuav luag tas mus ib txhis).

Thaum lub sijhawm npaj kho ntawm cov pob zeb screed, acid staining siv, kom koj yooj yim hloov xim ntawm hauv pem teb. Qhov no tso cai rau koj los ua cov qhob hauv av kom qog marble, slate, ntoo thiab lwm yam txheej.

Cov qhob hauv pem teb muaj kev pab lub neej ntev

Lub tsuas tsis zoo yog tias hauv pem teb yuav txias yog tias cov cua sov tsis tso rau hauv qab nws.

Kev ntsuas tus kheej theem

Rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kheej theem, polyurethane lossis acrylic yog siv. Cov ntaub ntawv no tau hais los ntawm:

• nce coj kuj;
• tsis kam tiv thaiv ya raws (xws li hauv pem teb tsis muaj pob qij txha thiab tsis tawg, tsis muaj lub qhov hws hauv cov khoom, yog li dej yuav tsis nkag rau hauv qab txheej hauv txhua txoj kev);
• cuam tshuam;
• yooj yim ntawm kev saib xyuas;
• kev zoo nkauj (koj tuaj yeem ua hauv pem teb nrog 3D cov nyhuv, hais txog lub tswv yim kev tsim qauv).

Hmoov tsis zoo, cov yam ntxwv no tau ua ke nrog tus nqi siab ntawm xws li hauv tsev thiab lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm kev teeb tsa, uas siv sijhawm tsawg kawg ob lub lis piam.

Kev ntsuas tus kheej hauv pem teb tso cai rau ntau qhov kev ua kom zoo nkauj tsis zoo hauv chav ua noj

Los ua ke nrog hauv pem teb npog

Yog tias koj tsis tau txiav txim siab thaum kawg rau kev xaiv ntawm cov flooring rau chav ua noj, ces koj tuaj yeem ua ke cov khoom sib txawv. Qhov no yuav ua rau zoning ntawm chav chav ua noj. Hauv qhov no, nws tsim nyog ua raws li cov lus qhia ntawm cov kws tshaj lij:

• rau thaj chaw ua haujlwm nws tsim nyog xaiv linoleum, PVC daim hlau, cov vuas luaj ceramic thiab pob zeb plooj (venice);
• rau thaj chaw noj mov, koj tuaj yeem siv cov ntaub pua plag, Cork, parquet.

Cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau xaiv nyob rau hauv xws li txoj kev uas lawv haum ze ze li sai tau rau txhua lwm qhov hauv tuab. Yog tias qhov no ua tsis tau, ib feem ntawm chav ua noj yuav tsum muaj qib nrog screed, uas yuav suav nqi ntxiv.

Tsuas yog cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj kwv yees li ntawm tuab tuab thiaj tuaj yeem ua ke

Xim yuav tsum them rau qhov ua tiav ntawm pob qij txha thiab zaus. Kev nyab xeeb los ua ntej, thiab kev saib xyuas zoo nkauj thib ob tuaj. Rau qhov no, koj tuaj yeem siv cov pob txaij tshwj xeeb, tab sis lawv yuav tsum tau muab txoj hauv kev uas ib tus neeg tsis ntshaus thaum tsiv ntawm ib cheeb tsam mus rau lwm qhov.

Yeeb yaj kiab: txheej txheej dab tsi tsim nyog rau chav ua noj

Twg hauv pem teb zoo dua los ua: cov lus qhia tsim

Thaum xaiv cov npoo npog rau chav ua noj, koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai tsis yog rau qhov ua tiav ntawm cov khoom siv, tab sis kuj tseem ua kom zoo nkauj thiab tsis sib haum nrog cov kev taw qhia hom ntawm sab hauv:

• cov duab kos thiab cov khoom loj pom tau ua rau txo chav, yog li ntawd lawv tsis haum rau chav me me;
• daim parquet yuav pab kom pom kev rau chav dav, rau qhov no nws yuav tsum tau pw ntawm txoj kev lawj (kev sib tshuam ntawm cov nqaws ntawm ib pawg parquet nrog lwm, nrog rau ib daim parquet contour hauv txhua chav);
• Lub ntsej muag ci hauv chav ua noj yog qhov tsis xav zoo, nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv matte tiav;
• sov liab thiab beige ntxoov yuav pab tsim kev nplij siab ntxiv hauv chav ua noj. Lub teeb xim xim pom ntxiv nthuav qhov chaw, thaum tsaus nti, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nqaim nws.

Qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov flooring kuj nyob ntawm cov style ntawm sab hauv:

• classic style tso cai rau kev siv ntawm parquet, laminate, plooj (veneers) stoneware;
• pov thawj lossis lub teb chaws - cov plooj (porcelain stoneware) hauv qhov duab ntxoov ntxoo terracotta-laus, laus zuj zus parquet;
• hi-tech - linoleum, tsaus plooj (porcelain stoneware);
• retro - tso cai ua ke nrog cov ntaub pua tsev thiab cov hom phiaj me me.

Qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov flooring rau chav ua noj txiav txim siab tsis tsuas yog qhov pom ntawm chav, tab sis kuj tseem muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov tswv. Yog li ntawd, nws raug nquahu kom muaj kev nyiam rau cov ntaub ntawv uas, thaum dej nkag rau lawv, tiv thaiv kev poob thiab lwm yam kev raug mob. Cov ntaub pua plag hauv pem teb yuav tsum muaj qhov tawm tsam cov cuab yeej kev puas tsuaj thiab ya raws. Ua tau raws li cov cai no yuav tsis pub rov qab kho cov plag tsev ntev.