Cov Ntaub Ntawv Tswj Hwm Dab Tsi Tswj Lub Ru Tsev

2024 Tus sau: Bailey Albertson | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-07 21:37

Cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm dab tsi tswj lub ru tsev

Lub hauv paus kev cai ntawm GOSTs, GESNs, SNiP thiab lwm cov kev cai sib txawv - qee qhov ntawm lawv cov lus qhia txog tag nrho, thaum lwm tus tsuas yog qee qhov. Xws li kev paub tsis meej thiab kev nkag siab hauv qhov teeb meem no ua rau muaj qhov tsis sib to taub ntawm cov neeg uas tsis muaj kev kawm tshwj xeeb. Yog li ntawd, peb yuav tawm cov lus tsis txaus rau cov kws lij choj, thaum peb tus kheej peb yuav sim ua tib zoo saib lub hauv paus ntawm cov kev cai thiab cov cai tswj hwm uas tau ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub ru tsev.

Cov Ntsiab Lus

• 1 Cov ntaub ntawv tsis yooj yim rau kev tsim lub ru tsev

  • 1.1 SNiP II-26-76 * "Ru Tsev"

    1.1.1 Cov Lus: lub vov nqes raws nws lub hom thiab cov nrav ntawd

• 2 Cov kev cai yooj yim ntawm SNIP SNiP II-26–76 * "Ru Tsev" rau cov ntaub ntawv npog sib txawv

  • 2.1 SNiP rau yob lub ru tsev

    • 2.1.1 Yees duab: kev teeb tsa raws li SNiP PVC daim nyias nyias rau ntawm corrugated board puag
    • 2.1.2 Yees duab: Qhov yuav tsum muaj rau lub hauv paus rau kev tso cov ntawv yob welded

  • 2.2 Lub vov vov

    2.2.1 Yees duab: slate vov tsev

  • 2.3 SNiP vov tsev ua cov hlau profiled

    2.3.1 Yees duab: kev txhim kho ntawm corrugated vov tsev

  • 2.4 SNiP cov kev xav rau lub ru tsev mos

    • 2.4.1 Cov Lus: tuab ntawm cov khoom pua hauv av nyob ntawm lub suab ntawm cov rafters
    • 2.4.2 Video: Kev qhia zaj duab xis ntawm txhim kho cov vuas mos

  • 2.5 Txheej leeg ru tsev

    2.5.1 Yees duab: Txhim kho qhov rov nce toj ntawm lub ru tsev nrog txoj kab nruab nrab

  • 2.6 SNiP cov lus pom zoo rau lub rwb thaiv tsev ru tsev

    2.6.1 Yees duab: rwb thaiv tsev ntawm lub ru tsev pitched, thermal physics

  • 2.7 Lub kaw dej ru tsev

    2.7.1 Yees duab: ru tsev gutter ntaus ntawv

  • 2.8 Lub vov vapor barrier ntaus ntawv

    2.8.1 Yees duab: ru tsev vapor barrier

• 3 Lub chaw nres tsheb siv fais fab rau lub vov tsev

  • 3.1 HPPN ntawm lub vapor barrier ntaus ntawv

    3.1.1 Cov lus: 12-01-015 - cov qauv rau cov nqi vapor teeb meem teeb tsa ib 100 m²

Cov kev cai cov ntaub ntawv rau kev tsim lub ru tsev

Niaj hnub no, ntau yam ntawm ru tsev yog amazing. Pua pua hom xim txheej muaj rau kev tsim kho vaj tse ntiag tug, thiab nws tseem tsis tau tsim nyog hais txog cov hau kev ntawm kev txhim kho txoj hauv kev txhawb nqa thiab ua kom tiav Qee cov ntaub ntawv npog tau yooj yim heev, thiab qee qhov yuav tsum muaj kev paub tshwj xeeb thiab cov txheej txheem kev teeb tsa, coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov xav tau ntawm kev npaj cov vaj tse tseem ceeb lub tsev, qhov chaw nyob ntawm txheej txheej rwb thaiv tsev, tsim cov cua ntsawj ntsaws, thiab lwm yam.

Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb hauv cov cai no, cov cai thiab cov tseev kom muaj yog cov kev tshaj tawm yog SNiP II-26–76 * "Lub ru tsev", kho thaum xyoo 2010 thiab muaj cov txheej txheem kev teeb tsa rau yuav luag txhua tam sim no lub vov tsev cov tsev. Yog li ntawd, peb yuav pib peb tsab xov xwm nrog nws qhov kev txiav txim siab.

SNiP II-26-76 * "Ru Tsev"

Cov kev cai tseem ceeb ntawm SNiP II-26–76 * yog tsim raws ntau yam kev cai hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws:

• EN 13859-1: 2005 (E), uas txhais tau cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tiv thaiv dej;
• EN 1304: 2005 hais txog cov vuas vov vuas vov tsev;
• EN 502: 1999 rau cov nplooj ntawv decking hlau;
• lwm cov kev cai.

Txhawm rau kom ua raws li txoj cai lij choj ntawm Lavxias Kev Nyab Xeeb hais txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov txheej txheem hydraulic thiab cov tuam tsev No. 384-FZ nyob rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 30, 2009 thiab No. 123-FZ hnub Lub Xya hli ntuj 22, 2008, qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm daim ntawv no yuav tsum ua kom tiav nrog thaum npaj thiab npaj ru tsev los ntawm:

• yob polymers nrog kev siv qib siab ntawm viscosity, elasticity, tuaj yeem muag thaum rhuab thiab sai sai thaum rov txias;

  

  Lub thev naus laus zis ntawm txheej txheej dov polymer polymer siv fusion yog qhov yooj yim heev, tab sis ua tau raws li cov cai ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb thaum ua cov haujlwm no yuav tsum ua.

• bituminous thiab polymer-bituminous txheej;

  

  Polymer-bitumen cov ntaub ntawv muaj cov tuab tuab - ntawm 3 txog 5 hli, uas tso cai txo qis cov txheej txheej dhau los rau ib los yog ob qhov ntev dua plaub lossis tsib yam siv cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis

• mastic nrog siv tam fiberglass lossis fiberglass interlayers;

• titanium zinc, ntawv hlau thiab tooj liab;

  

  Qhov zoo ntawm tooj liab - kav ntev, ib puag ncig zoo, muaj koob meej thiab zoo nkauj, nrog rau kev yooj yim ntawm kev teeb tsa - yog cov kev sib cav loj thaum xaiv lub ru tsev los ntawm cov khoom siv no.

• asbestos-cement fibrous cov ntawv txheeb (slate);

• txhua hom vuas;

  

  Cov vuas mos muag tso cai rau koj los tsim lub vov tsev npog tiag tiag, txij li tom qab kev teeb tsa, nws cov ntsiab lus ib qho yog nruj me ntsis sintered ua ke rau hauv ib monolith

• shale tiaj tiaj;

• cov vuas hlau;

  

  Vim nws qhov zoo - lub neej ntev, ntau yam xim, siab tsim lag luam, tiv taus huab cua thiab tus nqi qis, cov vuas hlau yog ib qho ntawm cov neeg xav tau cov vov tsev hauv kev tsim vaj tsev.

• hlau corrugated board;

  

  Ib lub ru tsev ua los ntawm corrugated board yog mounted yooj yim heev, tab sis nws yuav tsum nruj kev coj ua rau thev naus laus zis ntawm lub vov tsev ncuav qab zib

• siv tam lub pob zeb ua kom ruaj khov.

Thawj qhov koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai yog qhov pom zoo lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub ru tsev nyob rau hauv raws li cov ntaub npog npog, nrog rau qhov kub thiab txias, tshuab, alkaline thiab acid cawv

Cov lus: txoj kab nqes ru tsev nyob ntawm seb nws hom thiab cov nra hnyav tam sim no

Hom ru tsev	Txoj kab nqes nyob rau hauv% (deg.) ***	Muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub ru tsev
		cua sov rau qhov kub thiab txias, ° C, tsis muaj ntxiv	siv tshuab (poob siab), kgf ∙ m, tsis muaj ntxiv	alkaline ntsiab kev	kua qaub daws
Tsis siv los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yob (yob) lossis los ntawm mastics, ntxiv nrog nrog gaskets ntawm cov iav lossis polymer fibers (mastic):
nrog ib txheej txheej txheem ntawm pob zeb	1.5 - <10 (1-6)	65	2	tso cai	tso cai
nrog ib txheej saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm kev ntxhib kev hnav khaub ncaws	10 … 25 * (1-14)	75	ib tug	tso cai	tso cai
Siv yob lossis mastic nrog ib txheej tiv thaiv ntawm:
pob zeb ua tiav lossis pob zeb ua ke slabs	1.5 … 3.0 (1-2)	65	kaum	tso cai	tsis pub
los ntawm cement-sand mortar	1.5 … 3.0 (1-2)		tsib	tso cai	tsis pub
los ntawm cov xuab zeb asphalt ua pob zeb ua	1.5 … 3.0 (1-2)	65	tsib	tso cai	tso cai
Los ntawm ntawv txheeb ntawv:
asbestos-xis mas	≥ 10	80	tsis pub	tso cai	tsis pub
bituminous	≥ 10	75	tsis pub	tso cai	tso cai
Los ntawm shingles:
xis mas-xuab zeb	(10 … 90)	65	tsib	tso cai	tsis pub
lauj kaub	(10 … 90)	80	tsib	tso cai	tso cai
saj zawg zog (bituminous)	20	75	ib tug	tso cai	tso cai
hlau	≥ 10	80	2	pub **	pub **
Ntawm asbestos-xis mas los yog slate los yog cov vuas zoo sib xws
	50	80	ib tug	tso cai	tsis pub
Los ntawm cov ntawv hlau:
hlau (galvanized)	30	80	2	tsis pub	tsis pub
tooj liab	30	80	2	tsis pub	tsis pub
titanium-zinc	30	80	2	tsis pub	tsis pub
steel profiled	10	80	2	tsis pub	tsis pub
Kev hloov pauv	1.5 … 3.0	65	tib yam li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ua yob lossis mastic ru tsev
Los ntawm cov cuab yeej siv cov vaj huam sib luag ntawm cov ntu ntu	5 … 10	80	tsib	tso cai	tsis pub
Cov Lus Cim: * rau cov vov tsev ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv bituminous ntawm cov nplais ntawm ntau tshaj 25%, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los muab cov kev ntsuas tawm tsam swb raws cov hauv paus; ** rau polymer coated hlau vuas; *** Qhov feem pua ntawm txoj kab nqes ru tsev tau hloov mus ua degrees raws li cov qauv: tg α = 0.01 ∙ z, qhov twg α yog lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub ru tsev nqes, z yog qhov taw qhia hauv%.

Ntxiv rau txoj kab nqes uas tau hais los ntawm lub rooj, SNiP "Ru Tsev" tau hais txog ob peb yam ntxiv uas yuav tsum tau muaj.

1. Yuav tsum tsim cov ntseej thaum lub ru tsev nqes hav:

   • txog 12 ° suav nrog - thaum qhov siab ntawm cov qauv mus rau parapet lossis cornice ntau tshaj 10 m;
   • tshaj 12 ° - ntawm qhov siab ntawm 7 m;
   • ntawm kev siv lub ru tsev tiaj tiaj - muaj qee yam.
2. Kev npaj cov daus uas txuas nrog rau tus qauv txhawb nqa, purlins lossis crate nrog lub qhov dej nthawv nyob hauv qhov chaw uas muaj daus los ntawm lub ru tsev yog txwv tsis pub.

Cov kev cai yooj yim ntawm SNIP SNiP II-26–76 * "Ru Tsev" rau cov ntaub ntawv npog sib txawv

Xav txog cov xwm txheej ntawm SNiP II-26–76 * "Ru tsev" piv rau cov vuas vov uas xav tau tshaj plaws.

SNiP rau yob lub ru tsev

Cov vuas vov tsev yog daim ntawv qhia uas tsis tau hais txog thiab siv nrog cov ntaub pua chaw lossis rov qab tso rau ntawm cov ntaub pua tsev tsis muaj ntaub thaiv. Qhov sib txawv yog tias thaum npaj cov qauv kev hloov pauv, cov khoom siv dej tawm yog nteg hauv qab ntawm txheej insulating.

Cov cuab yeej siv ntawm cov classic thiab inverted yob lub ru tsev yog qhov txawv los ntawm qhov chaw nyob ntawm txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej

Rau cov vov vov, txheej txheem cov cai pom zoo siv cov khoom ua kom muaj zog dua lossis corrugated board ua lub hauv paus, zoo li ua txoj kab nqes ntawm cov cement, nthuav av nplaum lossis lub pob zeb hnyav. Nws yog qhov sib npaug tseem ceeb los siv aseptic waterproofing cov ntaub ntawv, piv txwv li, nthuav tawm polystyrene nrog kev kawm tsawg kawg ntawm kev nqus dej, uas tsis suav nrog defrosting thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm.

Yeeb yaj kiab: kev teeb tsa raws li SNiP PVC daim nyias nyias rau ntawm corrugated board puag

Cov vov tsev vov cov ncuav ntoo vov ib txwm ua raws li SNiP muaj cov qauv hauv qab no.

1. Lub hauv paus yog siv cov pob zeb ua kom ruaj khov nrog lub pob zeb obligatory sau ntawm cov nqaws ntawm lawv nrog pob zeb ntawm qib tsis qis dua B7.5 lossis M100 cug, cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog lossis corrugated board.
2. Vapor barrier txheej.
3. Tshav kub thaum tshav kub kub - feem ntau ntxhia pob zeb hauv av, tiv taus cov organic extractants.
4. Txoj phuam ua ntu.
5. Siv tam cement-sand screed.
6. Bitumen primer.

7. Bituminous polymer txheej.

   

   Siv tau pob zeb pob zeb pob zeb, monolithic txhawb cov pob zeb ua tiav lossis corrugated board nrog daim ntawv trapezoidal tuaj yeem ua lub hauv paus rau ib lub yob vov.

Daim vis dis aus: Qhov yuav tsum muaj rau lub hauv paus rau tso cov ntawv yob welded

Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias txoj kab nqes, screed thiab primer yog qhov tsim nyog thaum nteg cov vov vov ncuav mog qab zib ntawm lub hauv paus ua los ntawm monolithic reinforced ua vaj tse lossis pob zeb ua kom khov. Yog tias cov ntawv txheeb ntawm corrugated board ua lub hauv paus, tom qab ntawd ob txheej - qhov tseem ceeb thiab ntxiv - ntawm cov ntxhia plaub yaig rwb thaiv tsev nrog telescopic fasteners rau lub hauv paus yog nteg.

Slate vov tsev ntaus ntawv

Slate yog cov khoom uas tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tawg ntawm shale. Nws tau ua raws li GOST 30340 thiab tau pom los ntawm kev tiv thaiv hluav taws, kev muaj dav dav, thiab kev ua tau ntev, uas yog vim li cas nws thiaj li nthuav dav hauv kev lag luam ntiag tug. Thaum nteg cov ntawv swb slate niaj hnub, cov ru tsev ntawm cov tsev tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo dua li thaum tso cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev kim.

Ua kom cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub ru tsev slate kom zoo li sai tau, lub vov tsev lub vov tsev yog xim pleev xim, muab cov txheej txheej kom zoo saib, tiv thaiv kev tso tawm ntawm cov asbestos thiab tiv thaiv lub ru tsev los ntawm kev loj hlob moss.

Cov kev cai thiab cov cai tswj hwm pom zoo tso cov ntawv pob rau ntawm ib - lossis cov chaw ua kom zoo dua yog yooj yim li sai tau - tsis muaj qhov nqes hav thiab pob txha tav. Cov kab ntawm lub ru tsev qib siab zoo tshaj plaws yog los ntawm 20%. Nrog cov nplaim me me ntawm cov nqes hav, ntxiv kev sib khi ntawm kev sib faib thiab kev sib hloov ntawm cov khoom siv bitumen-fibrous lossis asbestos-cement yuav xav tau. Cov ntawv nplua yog teeb tsa nrog cov sib tshooj, qhov loj me uas tau qhia hauv cov lus qhia rau cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb, tab sis tsis pub tsawg tshaj 150 hli.

Hauv cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev tswj hwm, nws raug nquahu kom siv cov slate los npog cov qauv uas yooj yim zoo li lub vov tsev nrog lub kaum sab xis ntawm txoj kev xav 20%

Slate vov tsev cov ncuav mog qab zib muaj cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg hauv qab no.

1. Kho kom zoo nkauj tha xim sab hauv.
2. Vapor barrier.
3. Rwb thaiv tsev nruab nrab ntawm cov rafters.

4. Lathing ua los ntawm sawn softwood (kev cai ntawm cov qauv nyob rau hauv tus naj npawb II-25-80) nrog ib ntu ntawm 60x60 hli. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj qhov sib tshooj ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, qhov siab ntawm cov kab teeb tsis sib haum yuav tsum yog 60 hli, txawm tias - 63 hli, thiab lub suab ntawm qhov zoo tib yam crate yuav tsum tsis pub ntau dua 750 hli. Yog tias muaj hav ntawm lub ru tsev, lub crate hauv qab lawv yog cov khoom sib xws hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom lag luam tawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, rau kev tsim cov eaves overhangs, cov ntoo thaiv nrog qhov siab ntawm 65 hli yog xav tau, thiab thaum tsim lub tsev pob qhov rooj, ob hom ntawm cov qhov cub tawg yog xav tau - 60x100 thiab 70x90 hli.

   

   Rau lathing nyob rau hauv ib daim slate npog raws li SNiP II-25-80, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau siv cov ntoo txua los ntawm cov ntoo coniferous nrog kev hloov qhov siab ntawm cov ntoo txuas ntawm txawm thiab khib kab kom tau cov dej ua kom ntev overlaps

5. Dej txheej txheej.

6. Daim Slate.

   

   Slate txheej tseem muaj txoj kev xaiv pheej yig tshaj plaws rau kev npaj lub ru tsev, nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov cuab yeej tsis xws luag thiab cov khoom zoo nkauj, nws tsis qis dua rau cov nqi sib tw ntau kim, thiab nws tseem yooj yim rau nruab thiab ua haujlwm rau xyoo lawm

SNiP II-26–76 * sib tham txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm txhim kho lub ru tsev slate, thiab Cov Lus Qhia Ntxiv 11 qhia cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntawm cov cuab yeej ntawm txhua cov nodes.

Kev npaj ntawm abutments, nram hav, qaum thiab eaves ntawm lub ru tsev slate yog ua tiav nrog kev pab ntawm lwm qhov chaw ntxiv - cov ntsiab lus (KPO-1 thiab 2) kom npog sab qaum kev ntawm lub ru tsev, cov tais rau xov rau cov nram hav thiab fab (U-90) thiab 120) ua rau abutments

Yees duab: slate vov tsev ntaus ntawv

SNiP vov tsev ua cov hlau profiled

Cov cai tswj hwm kev lag luam hauv architecture thiab kev tsim kho ze saib xyuas qhov kev siv ntawm cov qauv uas twb muaj lawm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum tsim cov tsev nyob hauv tsev. Tus txheej txheem ntawm cov vov tsev ua los ntawm cov hlau profiled ntawv tsis muaj kev zam, tshooj rau ntawm qhov uas yog mob siab rau lub installation ntawm cov qauv hauv qab txiav txim siab. Yog li, ua ntej kev txhim kho lub ru tsev los ntawm corrugated board, koj yuav tsum paub koj tus kheej nrog cov lus qhia ntawm cov neeg muab khoom thiab cov uas yuav tsum pom zoo hauv cov kev cai txheej.

Profiled ntawv vov tsev muaj 30-xyoo lav, thiab yog tias cov ntawv tiv thaiv tiv thaiv nrog cov xim txheej polymer, nws txuas ntxiv mus txog 45 xyoos

Corrugated hlau cov ntaub ntawv yog cov khaub thuas-kuav los tiag steel cov khoom siv ntawm kev ua kom nruj nrog cov xim txheej sab saum toj thiab sab hauv txheej zinc, siv rau kev ua rau sab hauv tsev, lub laj kab, cov laj kab lossis cov txee dai khaub ncaws, txhim kho cov plag tsev monolithic ntawm corrugated board thiab vov tsev.

Qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm cov ntawv profiled muaj ntau yam, tab sis rau npog cov vov tsev nrog ib pawg ntawm cov kev cai, nws raug pom zoo kom siv cov txheej txheem thoob ntiaj teb lossis phab ntsa nrog qhov siab tshaj plaws yoj

Los ntawm kev tsim, cov ntaub ntawv cov hlau tau muab faib ua peb yam.

1. Phab ntsa profiled nplooj ntawv nrog ib tug corrugation qhov siab ntawm 8-35 hli, uas tau pom daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv facade cladding thiab kev tsim kho ntawm me me architectural qauv.
2. Ntsaws-kabmob cov khoom nrog yoj qhov siab ntawm 57 txog 1144 hli. Nws yog cov hlau uas muaj zog tshaj plaws uas siv los tsim cov qauv kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov vaj tsev hauv kev tsim.
3. Universal corrugated nplooj ntawv, ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm nruab nrab ntawm ob hom thawj, nrog nthwv dej qhov siab ntawm 35-37 mm.

Raws li txoj cai tswj kev ua haujlwm, corrugated board tuaj yeem nteg ntawm lub ru tsev ntawm ib qho qauv twg nrog lub kaum sab xis ntawm 20% lossis ntau dua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov cai hauv tsev tso cai rau siv cov ntawv hlau uas muaj zoo ntawm lub ru tsev nrog txoj kab nqes qis, tab sis nrog lub obligatory sib khi ntawm cov pob qij txha nruab nrab ntawm cov ntawv nrog ib qho kev tiv thaiv huab cua. Qhov dav ntawm cov sib faib sib tshooj raws li SNiP yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg 250 hli, thiab cov hloov pauv yuav tsum yog ib qhov loj yoj.

Pob vov vov ncuav mog qab zib rau cov ntawv hlau muaj cov qauv txheem thiab muaj:

• kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv ntawm nthab;
• vapor barrier txheej;
• rwb thaiv tsev, nteg nruab nrab ntawm lub rafters, feem ntau cov pob zeb hauv av tsiaj. Nws poob dej tawm lub suab zoo, yog li nws muaj peev xwm ua tau lub suab nrov thaum muaj kev tiv thaiv suab nrov;
• lub chaw tiv thaiv thiab cov tub rog;
• hydro-barrier;

• npog cov khoom thiab cov ntsiab lus ntxiv.

  

  Hauv kev tsim kho ntawm lub ru tsev txias npog nrog corrugated board, rwb thaiv tsev thiab vapor barrier yog pw raws nthab, thiab hauv nthab saum nthab - ib txwm ua raws tag nrho ntev ntawm txoj kab nqes lossis kab ntsug.

Thaum npaj cov ru tsev sov, corrugated board tau nteg rau ntawm ntoo crate, thaum txhim kho lub ru tsev txias, rau cov hlau ntoo, thiab cov vov tiaj tiaj tau them nrog cov ntawv nthwv dej nrog qhov siab yoj ntawm 21 cm raws cov ntoo txuas ntxiv. Tab sis nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, lub peev xwm muaj peev xwm ntawm lub hauv paus rau profiled hlau yog xam tau rau hauv tus account qhov nqes hav ntawm lub ru tsev thiab tag nrho cov kev cia siab nyob rau hauv raws li cov kev cai ntawm 2.01.07.

Txhua lub vov tsev tseem ceeb uas ua los ntawm cov ntawv profiled tau tsa siv cov ntsiab lus ntxiv, ua raws li cov cai rau lawv cov kev teeb tsa ua nyob rau Daim Ntawv Ntxiv 13 rau SNiP II-26-76 *

Cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm cov hlau profiled cov khoom feem ntau qhia tau hais tias lub suab pom zoo rau lathing hauv cov lus qhia kev teeb tsa. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob tsim cov pob zeb txias thaum tso txoj kev pua pob, bakelized plywood lossis thermal profiles tau siv los ua cov chaw taws teeb Z-khiav teeb tsa rau hauv qab daim ntawv thiab tsim cov nyhuv ntawm txoj kev ntseeg siab.

Kev ntsuas tus kheej screws nrog neoprene roj hmab cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj yog siv los txhawm rau ua cov ntawv txheeb profiled, kev noj haus ntawm cov uas, raws li cov qauv, yog 7-9 daim ib square meter.

Video: kev teeb tsa lub ru tsev los ntawm corrugated board

SNiP qhov yuav tsum rau lub ru tsev mos

Daim ntawv qhia siv rau lub ru tsev ua cov pob zeb mos yog muaj nyob hauv SNiP "ru tsev" hauv nqe 2 hauv tshooj 5

1. Lub hauv paus rau kev thaiv tus kheej yuav tsum yog ntom ntom uas ua los ntawm cov laug cam ua raws li Gosstandart 8486–86 * E, cov ntaub pua rooj tsis muaj dej tsis haum nrog cov ntsiab lus noo tsis pub dhau 12% (GOST 8673), lossis cov laug cam, cov ntsiab lus ya raws uas yuav tsum tsis pub dhau 12 %.
2. Lub thickness ntawm cov khoom pua hauv pem teb yuav tsum tau xaiv raws li lub suab ntawm cov rafters, suav rau hauv tag nrho cov kev sib tw ua haujlwm ntawm lub ru tsev.

Cov lus: tuab ntawm cov khoom pua hauv av nyob ntawm lub suab ntawm cov rafters

Rafter suab, hli	Decking cov tuab, hli
	los ntawm cov laug cam	plywood	los ntawm OSB-3
600	20 20	12. 12s	12. 12s
900	23	18 18	18 18
1200	peb caug	21	21
1500	37	27. Muaj 27 leej	27. Muaj 27 leej

Vov vov ncuav mog qab zib rau cov vuas mos muag zoo li qhov no:

• sab hauv kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub ru tsev chaw;
• cua slats;
• vapor barrier;
• ntxiv crate rau rwb thaiv tsev;
• thermal rwb thaiv tsev tso rau hauv cov hlwb;
• txee racks thiab crate;
• cov ntaub ntawv tso dej tso rau sab raws rafters;
• cov khoom pua pua tsev;
• meem hauv cov ntaub pua tsev raws li cov khoom siv dej ntxiv;

• bituminous vuas thiab tsim qhov chaw.

  

  Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm lub vov tsev ua los ntawm cov vuas mos yog qhov muaj cov ntaub pua plag hauv ob sab phlu, uas, nyob ntawm txoj kab nqes ntawm cov qauv, tau nteg tag nrho saum npoo lossis tsuas yog hauv qhov chaw tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.

Nrog lub ru tsev ntu ntawm 12-18 °, ib txheej ntawm bitumen yob cov khoom, raws li cov qauv, yuav tsum muab tso rau saum lub ru tsev tag nrho. Nrog txoj kev nqes hav ntau dua ntawm lub ru tsev, nws tsuas yog siv nyob rau thaj chaw muaj teeb meem - hav, junctions, overhangs, nkag mus.

Qhov loj ntawm cov eaves qhov cua nkag rau cua ntws yuav tsum yog tib yam raws tag nrho ntev ntawm txoj kab nqes thiab sib npaug rau 0.2% ntawm nws thaj chaw, tab sis tsis tsawg dua 200 cm² / khiav. m. Ntu ntoo khaub lig-ntu ntawm txoj kab suction channel yog xam los ntawm cov qauv: f _kar = l ∙ (100 - 0.2) / 100, qhov twg l yog qhov ntev ntawm txoj kab nqes hauv centimeters, l ∙ 100 yog thaj chaw ntawm txoj kab nqes (cm²) nrog qhov dav ntawm 1 m los ntawm pob kws. Ntu ntu ntawm cov pa tawm ntawm cov ciav hauv cov caj qaum yog suav nrog qhov zoo sib xws: f _con = 2 ∙ l ∙ (100 - 0.05) / 100.

Daim video: kawm zaj duab xis rau txhim kho cov vuas mos

Leeg leeg vov tsev

Tshooj xya ntawm cov ntawv tseem ceeb rau lub ru tsev tso tawm cov tseev kom muaj rau kev teeb tsa cov ntawv npog cov xim hlau, uas kuj suav nrog lub vov tsev.

Raws li SNiP "Ru Tsev", lub hauv paus rau seam vov tsev yog ib qho kev sib lathing nrog kev hloov mus rau hauv cov plag tsev tsis tu ncua ntawm lub ntsiab vov tsev.

Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb hauv kev teeb tsa cov kev cai yog tso rau hauv kev teeb tsa kab hauv qab no.

1. Qhov zoo ntawm cov ntawv hlau: galvanized vov tsev yuav tsum ua raws li Gosstandart 14918, thiab cov khaub thuas txias tooj liab - GOST 1173.
2. Cov khawm khov kho thiab qhov muaj zog ntawm lawv cov kev teeb tsa - nws raug pom zoo kom siv cov galvanized lossis tooj liab clamps thiab lwm cov khoom sib dhos raws li cov qauv ntawm cov hlau npog, txawm hais tias nws raug tso cai siv stainless hlau screws rau tooj txheej.

3. Lub padding ntawm lub hauv paus rau kev nteg cov ntawv hlau npog - vov vov tsev vov xim tha xim - yuav tsum tau muab teeb ntawm lub lathing ua los ntawm sawn softwood raws GOST 24454. Hauv qhov no, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los muab rau kev sib dhos ntawm cov plag tsev txuas ntxiv ntawm cov eaves. overhang mus rau qhov dav ntawm 700 hli thiab hauv thaj chaw ntawm hav los ntawm 800 hli mus rau sab txhua ntu. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov slats ntawm lub lathing los ntawm cov kab yuav tsum tau sib hloov nrog cov laug cam ntawm ib ntu loj dua ntawm cov chaw ntawm cov quav rov qab. Cov tooj liab thiab titanium-zinc cov paib tau muab tso rau ntawm lub hauv paus ruaj khov ua los ntawm bakelized FBS nrog lub tuab 22-24 hli (tus qauv 10632) lossis cov chipboards sib haum rau GOST 10632. Cov peev xwm muaj peev xwm ntawm txhua lub hauv paus rau cov xov hlau yog suav raws SNiP 2.01.07, suav nrog kev thauj khoom tiag.

   

   Thaum tsim kom muaj lub rooj zaum ruaj ruaj ntawm lub ru tsev, koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau qhov zoo ntawm cov ntawv hlau, lub zog ntawm cov neeg khawm ceev, qhov tseeb muab xam ntawm cov kabmob muaj peev xwm ntawm lub hauv paus thiab kev tsim kho ntawm cov vov tsev raws li txuas ntxiv rau 14 txheej txheem kev cai

4. Qhov siab ntawm lub ru tsev sawv ntawm qhov junctions mus rau ntsug cov qauv, uas yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 300 hli, thiab qhov sib tshooj ntawm thermal nthuav ntawm cov khoom npog. Txhawm rau kho cov tooj liab thiab titanium-zinc decks nrog ntau dua coefficient ntawm cov kab nthuav dav, siv cov txav tau txav clamp muab nyob rau hauv cov sawv rov qab. Xws li lub ru tsev yuav tsum tsis pub ntev dua 10 m, txwv tsis pub nws yuav tsim nyog los tsim cov pob qij txha txuas ntxiv rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm kev hloov deformation ntawm canvases vim muaj ntau yam huab cua cuam tshuam - seismic, kub, sedimentary, thiab lwm yam.

Kev tsim kho ntawm lub vov vov tsev rau lub vov tsev tais tau ua qauv:

• vapor barrier;
• rwb thaiv tsev;
• dej txheej txheej;
• txee thiab lathing;
• cov khoom pua pua tsev;
• pauv hauv qab;

• seam cov duab, ntxiv thiab zoo nkauj ntsiab.

  

  Lub vov vov vov vov muaj qhov tsis muaj qhov zoo, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov no yog kev tsim kom muaj txheej txheej kiag li dej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum koom nrog cov duab nrog ob chav

Cov cuab yeej siv ntawm txhua qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov pob zeb tais tau piav qhia nyob hauv Cov Lus Qhia 15 txog SNiP "Ru Tsev".

Yeeb yaj kiab: txhim kho qhov quav ntawm lub ru tsev nrog lub kaum sab xis qis ntawm qhov tsis txig

SNiP cov lus pom zoo rau lub rwb thaiv tsev ru tsev

Qhov zoo ntawm lub ru tsev txiav txim siab tsis yog los ntawm nws kev ntseeg tau thiab lub zog, tab sis kuj los ntawm kev nplij siab ntawm kev ua neej nyob hauv tsev. Tsawg tus neeg nyiam nyob hauv lub tsev txias nrog damp phab ntsa thiab nyob rau tib lub sijhawm nrog cov nqi cua zoo heev, qhov rov qab los ntawm uas yog tsawg heev.

Kev tiv thaiv cua sov thaum npaj lub ru tsev ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov tsev ntawm qhov chaw nyob thawm niaj thawm xyoo thiab tswj hwm los ntawm SNiP "Kev tiv thaiv kom sov ntawm cov vaj tsev" nyob hauv tus lej 23-02-2003. Cov cai tau teev tseg hauv cov ntaub ntawv no tsis siv rau:

• tsev cog khoom thiab tsev ntsuab;
• kev ntseeg thiab cov tsev ib ntus;
• boiler lub tsev, hloov chaw thiab lwm yam qauv vaj tse zoo sib xws;
• cov vaj tse nyob raws caij nyoog ua kom sov tsawg dua peb hlis ib xyoos;
• khoom nyob rau hauv kho tshiab.

Cov lus pom zoo no yog qhov tseem ceeb heev thaum ua lub tsev ru tsev. Yog tias lawv tsis raug coj mus rau hauv kev txiav txim siab, huab cua noo nrog dej tso pa tawm thaum kawg yuav muab qhov rwb thaiv tsev tsis siv nrog txhua qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo.

Raws li GOST thiab SNiP, cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev yuav tsum tau pw ntawm rafters nrog ib txheej ntawm cov tuab tuab nyob hauv kev ua raws cov huab cua puag ntawm ib thaj chaw tshwj xeeb

Cov kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub rwb thaiv tsev yog vapor barrier gasket, kev coj ua txoj cai 23-02-2003 muab ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev suav cov coefficient ntawm kev tiv thaiv mus rau vapor nkag thiab ib lub rooj rau nqa tawm cov kev suav no, taw qhia qhov txwv kev ya raws ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb vapor barrier. khoom siv.

Cov cuab yeej ntawm vapor barrier txheej yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua thaum siv cov khoom siv ntxig ntxig rau hauv qhov chaw hauv qab-ru tsev, vim nws tiv thaiv qhov rwb thaiv tsev los ntawm hws.

Lwm cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm tseem yuav pab koj taw kev hauv ntiaj teb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj thiab tsim cov txheej txheem insulating kom yog - SO 002-02495342-2005 "Cov ru tsev ntawm cov tuam tsev thiab cov qauv, tsim qauv thiab tsim vaj tsev", SNiP ll-3-79-2005 rau kev tsim kho vaj tsev kub, GOST R 52953-2008 "Cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom lag luam yog khoom cua sov", thiab lwm yam.

Yees duab: rwb thaiv tsev ntawm lub ru tsev pitched, thermal physics

Lub kaw dej ru tsev

Lub ru tsev muaj zog thiab txhim khu kev qha dhau koj lub taub hau yog qhov tseem ceeb rau txhua tus. Qhov no yog qhov kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv cov kev tsis zoo ntawm qhov chaw nyob ib puag ncig peb. Tab sis raws li qhov pom ntawm khaus cov dej nag, cov dej ntau ntawm cov dej txuam rau ntawm lub ru tsev ntawm lub tsev, qhov kev tshem tawm tsis zoo uas cuam tshuam qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub tsev. Cov dej ntws yog tsim kom tshem tawm cov dej noo ntau ntawm lub ru tsev thiab tiv thaiv tus qauv los ntawm ntau noo noo.

Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm lub ru tsev tso dej ntawm lub cev yog kom tso dej ntau dhau ntawm lub ru tsev thiab khaws txhua txoj kev teeb tsa ntawm lub tsev kom qhuav

Nyob rau hauv cov kev cai tsim rau lub ru tsev ntawm cov dej khib nyiab pov tseg, ib ntu tag nrho yog mob siab rau uas koj yuav tsum paub koj tus kheej ua ntej npaj thiab ua lub tsev nyob. Nws cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb muaj li hauv qab no.

1. Muaj cov dej sab hauv thiab sab nraud. Cov kua dej sab hauv tau muab rau feem ntau ua nyob rau hauv cov tsev rhaub nrog mastic thiab yob txheej. Nrog rau lwm hom kev vuas vov tsev, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los npaj qhov kev tso dej tawm sab nraud, txawm hais tias, yog tias tsim nyog, vim tus qauv tshwj xeeb ntawm lub ru tsev, nws yog ib qho ua tau los nruab qhov dej ntws sab hauv los ntawm cov kev lom zem uas nruab rau hauv kwj hav.
2. Qee qhov xwm txheej, raws li SNiP 31-06-2009, nws raug tso cai kom muab qhov dej tsis muaj qhov dej ntawm lub tsev siab qis yog tias muaj nplooj saum toj lossis nplooj siab saum toj ntawm lub qhov rooj nkag thiab lub eaves tiv thaiv dhau ntawm phab ntsa los ntawm tsawg kawg 600 hli.
3. Thaum ua tau, lub ru tsev-icing yuav tsum siv, lossis daus yuav tsum raug muab tshem tawm los ntawm txhais tes vim nws tau sau ntau ntxiv
4. Lub ru tsev thaj av rau ib lub funnel yog tsim los ntawm kev xam raws SNiP 2.04.01 thiab 2.04.03.
5. Hauv cov vov tsev nrog lub hauv paus txhawb nqa ua los ntawm cov ntawv profiled, galvanized steel pallets yuav tsum muab rau kev teeb tsa ntawm lub qhov dej tso ua ke.
6. Ntawm lub vov tsev nrog lub qhov dej tawm sab nraud, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov nqes hauv qab yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj 24 m. Nws raug nquahu kom siv cov kav dej nrog qhov chaw ntu ntawm 1.5 cm² ntawm cov yeeb nkab rau 1 m² ntawm cheeb tsam ru tsev.

Daim vis dis aus: lub pob zeb ua kua dej

Lub vov vapor barrier ntaus ntawv

Koj tuaj yeem paub txog qhov yuav tsum ua kom muaj vapor barrier nyob rau hauv cov kev cai yooj yim rau lub ru tsev nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsim lub vov tsev ncuav mog qab zib rau txhua hom vov vov, nrog rau hauv SNiP III-B.12-69, uas txhawj txog kev tiv thaiv dej. thiab vapor barrier vov tsev vov tsev (ntu 15 - vapor barrier txheej), qhov twg cov qauv ntawm cov cuab yeej ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov vuas vov tsev.

1. Cov rwb thaiv tsev tiv thaiv cov pa dej yuav tsum tau pw raws li cov cai rau txheej txheem dej thaiv tsev.
2. Thaum tsim cov vapor barrier, nws raug tso cai rau siv cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis tshua noo noo dua li cov khoom siv dej.
3. Lub vapor barrier txheej yuav tsum ua kom ruaj khov, yam tsis muaj kev tawg.

4. Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj cov khoom ntim tau muab tso nrog cov sib tshooj, qhov loj me uas tau teev rau hauv cov lus qhia ntawm cov khoom lag luam. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov chaw uas lub ru tsev txuas rau cov qauv ntsug lossis phab ntsa, cov khoom thaiv vapor yuav tsum nqa 100-150 hli mus rau qhov chaw saum npoo kom txuas cov kab rov tav vapor barrier txheej nrog cov khoom siv ntsug ntawm cov khoom siv ua ntej dej. Qhov no yuav tiv thaiv lub rwb thaiv tsev tsis txhob ntub dej.

   

   Kev tso txheej txheej vapor txheej txheej yog tswj los ntawm ib pawg ntawm txoj cai rau txheej txheem dej thaiv tsev, nyob rau hauv uas nws tau tso cai rau siv cov ntaub thaiv vapor barrier nrog qis dua noo noo dua li cov yeeb yaj kiab dej.

5. Qhov kev tiv thaiv txheej txheem ntawm vapor tswj txheej yuav tsum ua raws li nws nruj nreem li sai tau. Txhua voids yuav tsum tau kho, thiab cov dej ntws yuav tsum tau teem rau ntawm qhov chaw qis tshaj ntawm qhov chaw rwb thaiv tsev kom tshem tawm cov hws.

Ntxiv rau GOSTs thiab SNiP, thaum txhim kho lub ru tsev, koj yuav tsum tau ua kev coj ua lwm yam kev coj ua. Hauv tshwj xeeb, kev sib koom ua ke rau kev tsim thiab kev tsim tsev ntawm cov ru tsev muaj suav 31-101-97, uas muaj cov lus piav qhia txog kev tsim cov qauv kev sib txawv ntawm cov qauv sib txawv thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev coj ua ntawm cov qauv pom zoo hauv TSN "Ru Tsev" thiab yuav tsum ua kom tiav, zoo li SP 31-116-2006 hais txog kev npaj tooj liab thiab qauv tshiab ntawm SNiP II-26-76 - SP 17.13330.2017 "Ru Tsev".

Daim video: lub ru tsev vapor barrier

Kuj tseem muaj ntau cov ntawv sau kev tswj hwm qhov kev cai kwv yees zoo rau txhua hom kev ua haujlwm vov tsev - HPES rau tus nqi ntawm cov vov tsev, uas peb tseem yuav xav txog hauv kev nthuav dav me ntsis.

Hydroelectric zog chaw nres tsheb rau lub vov tsev

Lub xeev kev soj ntsuam nyiaj txiag yog npaj rau kev laij kwv yees tus nqi ntawm cov kev yooj yim thiab cov chaw pabcuam nyob rau txhua theem ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm. Cov kev xav tau ntawm cov peev txheej muaj nyob rau hauv GESN 81-02-12-2017 "Ru Tsev" (Sau No. 12) raws li tau hloov kho xyoo 2014, cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov uas muaj nyob hauv cov lus hauv qab no.

1. Kev sib sau ntawm cov qauv kwv yees hais txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab ntawm qhov chaw deb li txog 15 m ntawm lub ntiaj teb saum npoo av. Ntawm qhov siab dua, tag nrho cov qauv ntsuas rau cov nqi zog yuav tsum tau nce ntxiv ntawm tus nqi ntawm 0.5% ib 'meter' ntawm kev nqa.
2. Thaum tsim cov qauv ntoo los ntawm cov ntoo cav ntoo, ib qho yuav tsum soj ntsuam cov ntsuas uas tsim los ntawm Kev Sau Npe 10 ntawm cov qauv ntoo.

3. Cov txheej txheem rau kev teeb tsa lub ru tsev ua los ntawm mastic thiab yob cov ntaub ntawv hauv Phau Ntawv 12 tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam cov nqi koom nrog, txhawb ntxiv lub kwj hav, npaj cov txheej txheem nthuav dav, tsim cov pob zeb screeds, yog li ntawd, thaum npaj cov qauv txheej txheem no, ib qho yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov qauv 12-01-004, 005 thiab 006.

   

   Thaum xam xyuas qhov xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv rau kev npaj lub tsev mastic mus rau tus qauv tseem ceeb rau HPP 81–02–12–2017, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ntxiv cov nqi ntawm kev tsim junctions, screeds, ntu, nthuav pob qij txha thiab ntxiv dag zog rau nram hav.

4. Cov kev cai rau kev tsim kho lub ru tsev rau lwm hom kev npog cov vaj tsev coj mus rau hauv tus account tag nrho cov nqi nrog qee cov kev tshwj tseg - rau cov vuas vov, cov nqi tau muab rau qee qhov ntau thiab tsawg, nyob rau qhov ntau ntawm qhov kev noj ntawm cov khoom tau suav raws li qhov project Cov. Cov qauv rau txiav cov nplais hlau kuj tseem tsis tau suav nrog. Yog tias tsim nyog, xws li cov nuj nqis raug suav ntxiv ntxiv raws li kev sau 09-05-006-01.
5. HPES quotas yog tsim los tsim cov ru tsev ntawm ib qho kev tsis sib xws: yooj yim kev teeb tsa nrog txog ob txoj kab tav toj rau txhua 100 m² ntawm cov ntaub pua plag, qhov nruab nrab tsis meej - txij li 2 txog 5 thiab saum ru tsev - dhau 5 ntu.

Cov ntawv tswj kev cai tseem ceeb rau kev kwv yees kwv yees tus nqi kwv yees txog kev siv tom ntej rau kev npaj lub ru tsev yog qhov kev pom zoo thiab tsis xav txog qee yam nqi tshwj xeeb rau kev ua haujlwm ntxiv

HPPN rau vapor barrier ntaus ntawv

Los xam cov nqi ntawm vapor barrier ntawm HPES "Ru Tsev", lub rooj "Vapor barrier device" 12-01-015 tau npaj, uas muaj cov lej rau vapor barrier ua haujlwm. Piv txwv li: 12-01-015-01: 01 - dhau los dhau ntawm vapor kab thaiv ua los ntawm cov yob insulators thiab kev npaj ntawm ib daim pib (code 12-01-015-01: 02), 12-01-015-04: 01 - txheej vapor barrier ua los ntawm bitumen mastic thiab npaj primers (coding 12-01-015-04: 02), thiab lwm yam.

Txhawm rau txiav txim siab tus nqi, nrhiav cov code koj xav tau nyob rau hauv nqe cov khoom thiab saib cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm rau:

• cov nqi zog thiab cov qhab nia nruab nrab;
• cov cuab yeej siv tshuab thiab tshuab koom nrog hauv kev ua tiav ntawm kev ua haujlwm;
• cov khoom tsim nyog.

Cov lus: 12-01-015 - tus qauv ntsuas rau cov khoom siv ntawm cov pa vuab cua ib 100 m²

Chaw muab kev pab code	Tus nqi khoom npe	ntsuas ntawm kev ntsuas	12-01-015-01	12-01-015-02	12-01-015-03	12-01-015-04	12-01-015-05
1. Cov nqi zog ua haujlwm
ib tug	Cov nqi zog ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim kho	neeg-h	17,51	11.41	7.84	10,51	4.69
1.1	Qhov nruab nrab qib ntawm kev ua haujlwm		3.8	3.8	3.2	3.2	3.2
1.2.2	Cov nqi zog ntawm cov neeg tsav tsheb	neeg-h	0.28	0.24	0.21	0.09	0.04
2. Cov tshuab thiab tshuab
020129	Ntauwd cranes thaum ua haujlwm ntawm lwm hom kev tsim kho (tshwj tsis yog kev teeb tsa ntawm cov cuab yeej thev naus laus zis), 8 t	tshuab-h	0.11	0.10	0.08	0.04	0.02
021141	Mobile cranes thaum ua haujlwm ntawm lwm hom kev tsim kho (tshwj tsis yog rau cov kav xa dej), 10 t	tshuab-h	0.07	0.05	0.05	0.03	0.01
400001	Flatbed tsheb nrog lub nra nqa tau txog 5 t	tshuab-h	0.10	0.09	0.08	0.02	0.01
121011	Txawb bitumen boilers, 400 l	tshuab-h	1.81	1.60	0.41	0.86	0.65
3. Cov Khoom Siv
101 0856	Kev vov tsev vov cov vuas vov nrog cov ntxhib ntxhib ntxoo thiab hmoov av zoo RKP-350b	m²	110	110	110	-	-
101 0594	Kub bitumen vov tsev mastic	t	0.196	0.196	0.05	0.08	0.08
101,0078	Roj kev tsim kho ru tsev bitumen qib BNK-45/190, BNK-45/180	t	0.025	-	-	0.025	-
101,0322	Cov roj av rau cov hom phiaj kev qhia qib KT-1, KT-2	t	0.06	-	-	0.06	-

Cov ntaub ntawv hauv lub rooj qhia txog kev ua tau zoo ntawm qee qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm thaj chaw ntawm 100 m². Paub txog cov qauv thiab qhov ntau, nws yog ib qho yooj yim los laij cov nqi zog thiab khoom siv tiag tiag ntawm vapor barrier ntawm lub ru tsev, thiab sib txuam cov txiaj ntsig los ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov neeg cog lus thiab tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, txiav txim siab tus nqi ntawm cov haujlwm tom ntej.

Ib yam li ntawd, siv cov HESN matrices, nws muaj peev xwm los xam cov nqi yav tom ntej ntawm ntau cov haujlwm - cov cuab yeej ntawm lub ru tsev ua cov ntawv profiled, cov vuas luaj, cov ntawv hlau thiab lwm cov txheej txheej, txheej txheem dej, lathing, abutments, lub ntsiab vov tsev, thiab lwm yam.

Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb tau soj ntsuam cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb uas yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim lub ru tsev. Raws li cov cim ntsuas hauv cov kev cai tswjhwm, koj tuaj yeem npaj kom tau cov khoom tawv, zoo nkauj ru tsev koj tus kheej. Tab sis nws yuav tsum tau yug hauv siab tias cov cai tswj hwm, cov lus qhia kev teeb tsa thiab cov lus qhia tswv yim muaj cov txuj ci theoretical, uas, tau kawg, yuav tsis hloov pauv kev paub dhau los. Yog li no, kev txiav txim siab zaum kawg ntawm kev yuav ua li cas lub ru tsev nyob rau hauv txhua kis tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm kev tsim tawm lossis tus tsim qauv.