Sheathing Rau Lub Ru Tsev Muag Muag, Dab Tsi Yuav Tsum Tau Coj Mus Rau Hauv Tus Account Thaum Lub Sijhawm Teeb Tsa Thiab Yuav Ua Li Cas Txheeb Xyuas Cov Nqi Ntawm Cov Khoom

2024 Tus sau: Bailey Albertson | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 12:59

Dab tsi yog crate rau lub ru tsev mos

Cov khoom qeb xa mus rau raws li cov vov tsev mos muaj xws li ob peb txoj kev siv ntau lo. No cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev, thiab cov mos mos bituminous shingles, thiab ntau ntau yam ntawm welded yob cov ntaub ntawv. Txhua tus ntawm lawv tus kheej sib txawv hauv cov yeeb yam thiab cov yam ntxwv, tab sis lawv cov khoom lag luam yog ua raws ib qho kev sib txuam - hloov kho bitumen. Nws yog nws leej twg muab lub ru tsev zoo ib yam hloov kho thiab muag muag. Cov khoom siv nws tus kheej tsis muaj lub ntsej muag zoo, yog li ntawd, lub zog thiab tawv crate yog qhov xav tau rau nws, uas yuav tiv taus cov nrau sab nraud. Hauv qhov no, lub vov tsev mos yuav tsuas yog ua cov khoom tiv thaiv thiab zoo nkauj.

Cov Ntsiab Lus

• 1 Hom sheathing rau lub ru tsev mos

  • 1.1 Cov hom kev sib xyaw ua ke
  • 1.2 Cov lus: qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib nrug ntawm cov sib tsuam lathing mus rau tuab ntawm cov khoom pua npoo

• 2 Yuav ua li cas los xam tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv rau lathing hauv qab lub ru tsev mos

  • 2.1 Xam txog ntawm cov qauv khoom khov
  • 2.2 Kev suav ntawm crate sib txawv

• 3 Cov Cai Kav rau kev txhim kho crate hauv qab ru tsev mos

  • 3.1 Video: yuav ua li cas thiaj li tso cov laug cam raws li sheathing ntsiab
  • 3.2 Nruam lathing ntawm kev rho tawm
  • 3.3 Kev Tawm Tsam Tiv Thaiv rau lub ru tsev mos
  • 3.4 Yees duab: cov cai rau tso txheej tas mus li sheathing saum lub ru tsev

Hom sheathing rau lub vov tsev mos

Yog tias peb tham txog cov crate tag nrho, tom qab ntawd nws tuaj yeem muaj ob hom: sib sib zog thiab tawv. Thawj zaug yog sib sau ua ke los ntawm cov laug cam lossis tuav, nruab nrab ntawm qhov khoob uas seem lossis, thaum lawv tseem hu ua, cov kauj ruam nruab. Qhov thib ob yog qhov txuas txaws txuas ntxiv yam tsis muaj qhov khoob. Txog lub ru tsev mos, nws yog qhov kev xaiv thib ob uas tau siv, vim tias thaum nteg rau ntawm cov qhov txhab crate, cov khoom siv vov tsev yuav sag nruab nrab ntawm nws cov ntsiab.

Qhov ua kom tsis tu ncua yog ua nyob rau hauv lub ru tsev mos, txwv tsis pub cov khoom yuav sag hauv kab nrib pleb ntawm cov laug cam

Cov ntawv txheeb ntawm cov plywood-resistant, OSB cov laug cam thiab cov laug cam yog siv los ua cov flooring rau nruam crate. Qhov kawg yuav tsum yog txhawm los yog tawg ntawm mos mos. Raws li rau cov plywood-resistant ntoo, nws yuav tsum tau xaiv kom raug los ntawm hom, vim tias muaj ob txoj haujlwm ntawm kev ua lag luam nrog lub npe no:

1. FC, uas tau pom zoo kom siv rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv.
2. FSF, uas yog siv rau kev teeb tsa rau sab hauv tsev thiab sab nraum zoov.

Rau qhov ua kom tsis tu ncua, nws yog FSF uas haum. Cov khoom siv no yog ua los ntawm ntau cov txheej txheem veneer (los ntawm 3 txog 21), uas yog lo nrog ua ke nrog cov khoom sib xyaw tshwj xeeb raws li cov phenol-formaldehyde resins. Nws yuav tsum tau ntxiv tias thaum lub sijhawm ntawm FSF plywood, txhua txheej yog ua ntej kho nrog bakelite varnish, yog li cov khoom siv muaj lub zog siab thiab dej tsis kam.

Raws li rau OSB, tom qab ntawd rau cov crate nws kuj yog qhov tsim nyog los xaiv cov dej tsis hloov kho, uas yog, hom OSB-3 thiab OSB-4 hom. Qhov kawg yog npaj rau cov qauv uas raug rau qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov huab cua siab, yog li ntawd, nws yog nws kim heev. Rau cov vov tsev, koj tuaj yeem siv OSB-3 plywood, uas yog tsis qis dua ntawm tus qauv thib plaub hauv kev hais txog kev ya raws.

Thaum sib sau ua ke hauv pem teb, qhov sib txawv me me tuaj yeem tso rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom, qhov loj me uas yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 1 cm.

Cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm qeb ntawm cov vuas vov mos tuaj yeem tsuas yog nteg ntawm cov khoom sheathing, uas yog siv los ua cov plywood, OSB cov laug cam lossis calibrated boards

Cov hom ntawm crate khoom

Sheathing rau lub ru tsev mos tuaj yeem yog ib leeg lossis ob npaug. Hauv thawj qhov xwm txheej, cov laug cam lossis cov laug nteg tau ncaj qha raws rafters. Hauv qhov thib ob, kab ntsig me yog thawj zaug muab ntsia, thiab nyob saum nws - cov khoom tawv. Qhov kev xaiv thib ob yog qhov zoo dua vim tias muaj qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm ob txheej txheej uas yog siv rau cua ua pa. Thiab qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov cua npliag dej vias uas nce ntawm sab hauv tsev. Lawv yog cov ntawm cov vov tsev tsis muaj kab uas ua rau cov dej khov thiab cov hws nkag ntawm cov txheej txheem rafter.

Tab sis qhov no tsis yog tib qho kev xaiv rau kev xaiv ob leeg lawj. Ntau ntau yuav yog nyob ntawm lub kaum ntawm inclination ntawm lub ru tsev ntu.

1. Nrog rau txoj kab nqes ntawm 5-10 °, ib txheej-decking yuav siv tau.
2. Hauv qhov nruab nrab ntawm 10 mus rau 15 °, ob chav lathing tso nrog lub suab ntawm cov ntsiab lus qis dua ntawm 45-50 cm. Rau qhov qis lathing, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov khoom tuav nrog ib seem ntawm 50x50 hli.
3. Yog tias lub kaum sab xis ntawm txoj kab nqes loj dua 15 °, tom qab ntawd cov theem teeb tsa tau nce rau 60 cm.

Hauv txoj ntsiab cai, nws muaj peev xwm nce qib lub suab ntawm qis lathing txog li 100 cm, nyob ntawm seb qhov loj ntawm lub nruas siv rau nws. Piv txwv, yog tias lub rooj tsavxwm 40 hli tuab thiab 120 mm dav tau siv rau qhov no. Cov ntu ntu me, cov kauj ruam me, thiab ua lwm yam. Rau txhua cov khoom siv cuam tshuam nrog nws cov tuab, nws tus kheej cov kauj ruam yog xaiv.

Cov lus: qhov sib piv ntawm qhov sib nrug ntawm cov sib tsuam lathing mus rau tuab ntawm cov khoom khov kho hauv pem teb

Lathing kauj ruam, mm	Board tuab, hli	Plywood thickness, hli	OSB board thickness, hli
300 tawm	20 20	cuaj	cuaj
600	25. 25	12. 12s	12. 12s
900	peb caug	21	21

Yuav ua li cas los xam tus nqi ntawm cov khoom rau lathing nyob rau hauv ib tug mos mos ru tsev

Coj mus rau hauv tus account tau hais los saud cov suab ntawm lub suab ntawm lathing cov ntsiab lus thiab lawv cov tuab, nws yog qhov ua tau los ua qhov ncaj qhov kev xam ntawm cov qauv no. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum xub tshem tawm ntawm qhov ntev ntawm lub ru tsev nws tus kheej, uas tau qhia nyob rau hauv lub tsev teeb duab. Thiab yog hais tias lub ru tsev yog qhov sib txuam ntau qib thiab ntau txoj kab nqes, ces nws yuav tsum tau tawg mus rau cov duab geometric yooj yim. Nws yog nyob ntawm lawv qhov uas tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ru tsev yog xam.

Hauv qhov no, koj yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus lej lub kaum sab xis ntawm txhua txoj kab nqes, vim tias qhov me me ntawm lub kaum sab xis, cov khoom siv ntau dua cov ntaub sheathing raug. Qhov no txhais tau tias koj yuav tsum tau txo lub suab ntawm cov laug cam lossis cov kav, lossis nce qhov tuab ntawm cov pob zeb thiab cov plag tsev. Yog li, txhawm rau ua kom yooj yim suav, thaum txiav txim siab thaj tsam ntawm lub ru tsev, cov ntsiab lus kho kom raug siv. Piv txwv, nrog txoj kab nqes hav ntawm 35 °, qhov tshaj tawm ntawm 1.221 siv.

Muab xam los ntawm cov qauv khoom khov

Nrog rau kev laij ib daim crate tawv, qhov xwm txheej yooj yim dua, vim tias nws npog tag nrho thaj chaw ntawm cov nqes hav. Ntawd yog, nws thaj chaw yuav muab sib npaug rau thaj tsam ntawm lub ru tsev. Cia peb xav txog ib qho piv txwv ntawm suav tus naj npawb ntawm cov plywood rau ib nqes hav ntawm 50 m².

1. Thaj chaw tag nrho uas yuav tsum tau them nrog plywood yog 50 m².
2. Yog tias cov ntoo plywood ntawm cov duab square nrog ib sab ntawm 1525 hli yog siv rau lathing, tom qab ntawd thaj tsam ntawm ib daim ntawv yog 1.525 ∙ 1.525 = 2.3 m2.
3. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntawv yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev faib thawj tus nqi los ntawm tus thib ob - 50: 2.3 = 21.74.

4. Kev hloov mus ncig, peb tau txais 22 daim.

   

   Cov cheeb tsam ntawm cov khoom siv lathing sib npaug zos rau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub ru tsev, yog li ntawd, cov phaj los yog cov ntaub ntawv yuav tau coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov loj me ntawm lub ru tsev ntu.

Hauv kev ua lag luam kev tsim kho, thaum laij tus nqi ntawm lub tsev cov khoom tsim, ib qho me me tau ua nyob hauv qhov ntau ntawm 5-10%. Ntawm no koj yuav tsum ua ib yam nkaus, yog li cov txiaj ntsig zaum kawg yog 23-24 nplooj ntawv.

Tus naj npawb ntawm OSB cov laug cam tau laij raws tib txoj kev. Tab sis nrog cov laug cam nws yog qhov txawv me ntsis. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, koj yuav tsum xam thaj tsam ntawm ib qho kev xaiv cov board. Qhov ntev ntawm cov npoo edged sib txawv ntawm 1 mus rau 6.5 m hauv 0.25 m nce siab Qhov dav li ntawm 75-275 mm hauv 25 mm nce.

Cia hais tias lub rooj tsavxwm nrog qhov ntev ntawm 3 m thiab qhov dav ntawm 0.1 m yog siv rau qhov crate:

1. Peb suav thaj tsam ntawm ib lub rooj saib xyuas: 3 ∙ 0.1 = 0.3 m².
2. Ib qho nqes ntawm 50 m² yuav xav tau 50: 0.3 = 166.66 boards.
3. Hloov mus rau qhov ze qhov loj tshaj plaws thiab ntxiv 10% Tshuag: 167 ∙ 1.1 = 184 laug cam.

Muab xam los ntawm cov crate sib txawv

Qhov kev xam no tsis tas yuav muaj qhov nqes hav rau nws tus kheej. Qhov ntev ntawm lub ru tsev thiab nws qhov siab yog xav tau, uas yog, qhov kev ncua deb los ntawm overhang mus rau Ridge.

1. Siv thawj qhov ntsuas, peb txiav txim siab qhov ntev ntawm ib kab ntawm cov laug cam. Piv txwv li, yog tias qhov ntev ntawm pob kws yog 10 m, thiab tib lub ntsuas ntoo peb-ntev tau raug xaiv rau lub lathing, tom qab ntawd 10: 3 = 3.33 daim yuav haum ua ke. Hauv qhov no, tsis tas yuav tsum ua kom tiav los ntawm tus txiaj ntsig.

   

   Kev suav ntawm cov naj npawb ntawm cov laug cam rau crate yog nqa tawm mus rau hauv tus account lawv qhov loj me thiab qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov kab

2. Tom ntej no, peb suav cov naj npawb ntawm cov kab uas tau muab tso ua ke thaum uas tig mus rau txoj kab kev hla los yog caj. Ua li no, koj yuav tsum xaiv lub kauj ruam crate. Cia nws yog 50 cm. Yog tias qhov siab ntawm txoj kab nqes yog 5 m, tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum tau nteg 5: 0.5 + 1 = 11 kab. Ib qho ntxiv kab yog tsim los ntawm kev tso cov crate ntawm tus choj thiab ntawm ntawm Ridge, uas yog, ntawm qhov sawv ntawm lub ru tsev nqes hav.
3. Txheeb xyuas cov naj npawb ntawm cov laug cam: 3.33 ∙ 11 = 36.63.
4. Hloov thiab ntxiv 10% Tshuag: 37 ∙ 1.1 = 41 boards.

Cov kev cai rau kev txhim kho crate hauv qab ru tsev mos

Tsis hais seb ib qho los yog ob-txheej lathing siv rau ntawm lub ru tsev, qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau tus qauv yog qhov chaw tiaj thiab ruaj thiab tsis muaj qhov tsis xws luag thiab qhov tsis xws luag hauv lub lumber. Tias yog vim li cas calibrated cov khoom siv yog xaiv thaum siv cov laug cam.

Raws li lub tuam tsev canons, lub kaw lus rafter raug nthuav tawm nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw khiav qeeb hauv tib lub dav hlau, yog li koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov kawg ntawm tus ntoo rafter twb raug. Qhov no txhais tau tias peb tuaj yeem xav tias cov laug cam, plywood lossis OSB boards yuav pw hauv ib lub dav hlau.

Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ntsaws cov ntsiab ntawm cov crate raws rafters. Lub rooj tsavxwm uas tawm tsam dhau ntawm cov ceg rafter yuav tsis muab lub zog thaum txhim kho cov khoom vov tsev

Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum pib teeb tsa los ntawm eaves, lossis theej, los ntawm qis kawg ntawm pawg. Cov laug cam xaiv tau qhov ntev kom ob chav uas nyob ib sab ntsaws ruaj ruaj rau ntawm ib lub cav ntoo. Yog tias qhov ua tsis tau no, koj yuav tsum muab lawv txiav, uas yuav ua kom cov khib nyiab ntau ntxiv. Tib yam mus rau ntawm nplooj ntawv thiab slabs.

Cov laug cam tau nteg nrog qhov sib txawv me me ntawm 1 cm thiab txuas rau rafters nrog cov ntsia hlau lossis tus kheej tapping screws. Lub nrawm nrawm yog ua tau zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm sab pem hauv ntej. Yog tias ntsia hlau ntsia hlau lossis ntsia hlau ntsia rau sab xub ntiag, tom qab ntawd lawv lub taub hau yuav tsum raug tsav mus rau hauv lub cev ntawm lub lumber mus rau qhov tob 0.5 hli. Hauv qhov no, ntawm txhua tus neeg ntaws ntoo, ob tus ntsia ris yuav tsum muab ntsia rau ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm - ib qho los ntawm txhua ntug.

Cov ntaub pua rooj los yog OSB cov nplais ntawm lub ru tsev raws li qhov txuas mus txuas ntxiv yuav tsum tau pw nrog ib qho kev sib tw ntawm ib feem peb lossis ib nrab ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag.

Raws li rau lub tiaj cov ntaub ntawv rau lub lathing, lawv yog qhov chaw nrog offset txheeb ze rau txhua tus los ntawm ib feem peb lossis ib nrab ntawm daim ntawv. Qhov no yog ua tiav kom cov loads ua rau lub batten tau raug tusyees faib rau tag nrho nws nto. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, lub panels raug nteg txiav mus rau lub rafters. Plywood nrog qhov ntev ntawm 1.5x2.5 m tuaj yeem ntsia tau raws rafters. Hauv qhov no, nws yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account tias cov ntaub ntawv nws tus kheej tsis tuaj yeem lav cov khoom hnyav, yog li tsawg kawg peb ceg plaub ceg yuav tsum poob rau hauv nws: ib qho tseeb nyob hauv nruab nrab thiab ob ntawm cov npoo. Tab sis ntawm no, ib yam nkaus thiab, koj yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account tias ob daim plywood uas nyob ib sab yuav tsum ntsaws chaw ntawm ib lub rafter. Qhov sib txawv nruab nrab ntawm lawv (3-5 hli) yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua.

Plywood thiab OSB tau nrawm nrog galvanized tus kheej tapping screws lossis ruff ntsia hlau raws puag ncig txhua txhua 10-15 cm thiab raws tag nrho cov dav hlau raws rafters hauv tus qauv checkerboard. Nws yog cov fasteners uas yuav tsum tau siv, vim tias lawv tiv taus kev ntxhov siab zoo uas tshwm sim hauv OSB cov laug cam lossis cov plywood nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov av noo thiab kub.

Cov txheej txheem tso lev tiaj tiaj ncaj ncaj rau ntawm crate discharged:

1. Ib txoj hlua khuam nthuav raws ntug npoo ntawm rafters, txhais qhov ciam teb ntawm lub ru tsev khuam. Nws yog khi rau ob tus kheej tapping screws, uas tau screwed rau hauv ob lub huab rafters nyob ntawm cov npoo sib txawv ntawm lub ru tsev.

2. Thawj daim ntawv yog nteg raws txoj kab sab nraud ntawm thawj ceg rafter, thaum nws tus ntug uas nyob ib sab yuav tsum dhau txoj hlua khi txoj hlua.

   

   Thawj daim ntawv ntawm cov ntaub sheathing yog nteg nruj me ntsis raws ntug ntawm rafter ceg

3. Thawj daim ntawv yog nrawm nrog tus kheej tapping screws 50 hli ntev raws rafters nrog lub suab ntawm 20-30 cm.

4. Ua li no, kab hauv qab yog sib sau ua ke.

   

   Cov kab hauv qab yog nteg nrog kev tuaj koom ntawm vaj huam sib luag ntawm rafter joists

5. Cov ntawv tom ntej no pib ntawm ib nrab ntawm daim ntawv, yog li ib lub vaj huam sib luag yuav tsum tau txiav hauv ib nrab.

6. Ib nrab tau nrawm nrog rafters, zoo li cov khoom khov, nrog cov screws nrog tib lub suab.

   

   Qhov thib ob kab ntawm cov khoom crate pib nrog ib nrab ntawm lub vias, kom cov hauv qab no tau nrawm sib nrug los ntawm thawj kab

7. Ntxiv mus, tag nrho cov ntawv siv.
8. Qhov thib peb kab pib sib sau los ntawm ib lub phaj.

Yees duab: yuav ua li cas muab cov laug cam raws li crate ntsiab

Khoom crate tshaj muab rho tawm

Hauv txoj ntsiab cai, tsis muaj qhov sib txawv loj los ntawm kev piav qhia saum toj saud thev naus laus zis. Tsuas yog cov qauv tsim tau tso rau ntawm cov laug cam, uas tau muab tso rau ntawm rafters nrog qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov kab. Tsis muaj cov planks siv los tsim cov plag tsev tas mus li. Plywood lossis OSB raug ntsia. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tag nrho cov lus piav qhia saum toj no tau tshwj tseg ob qho tib si ntawd kev teeb tsa cov khoom thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm lawv qhov kev nrawm.

Lub txee ua rog rau cov vov tsev mos

Txhawm rau insulate lub ru tsev nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov ceg rafter, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los nteg cov khoom siv insulating. Los ntawm sab ntawm nthab, nws tau kaw nrog lub vapor barrier membrane, thiab los ntawm sab ntawm crate - nrog zaj duab xis uas tsis muaj dej. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom muab cov crate tam sim ntawd thiab ua cov plag tsev los ntawm OSB cov laug cam lossis plywood nplooj ntawv. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tsim cov qhov nqus cua tawm uas yuav tshem tawm cov pa cua uas muaj hws nyob hauv qab qhov chaw vov tsev. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom tuav nrog ib ntu ntawm 50x50 hli tau tso raws rafters. Qhov no yog qhov ntxaws ntxaws, thiab qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov ntaws dej thiab cov plag tsev hauv pem teb yog qhov nqus cua.

Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib sau ua lub ruv insulated qauv muaj cov theem hauv qab no.

1. Los ntawm sab hauv yav tom ntej nthab, rwb thaiv tsev yog nteg nruab nrab ntawm rafters. Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb rau kev tso yog nruj nias ntawm cov khoom siv cua sov rau cov dav hlau ntawm rafter ceg, kom cov cav txias tsis tsim.

   

   Cov rwb thaiv tsev muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm ntu rafter joists li ntawd txawm tias qhov tsawg tshaj plaws khoob tsis nyob

2. Zaj yeeb yaj kiab vapor tso ntawm sab saum toj ntawm lub rwb thaiv tsev, uas txuas nrog lub rafters nrog cov hlau txuas nrog siv stapler. Zaj duab xis yog pw hauv cov kab nrog sib tshooj, qhov loj ntawm uas yog 10-12 cm. Qhov sib koom tes yuav tsum tau muab kaw nrog tus kheej-nplaum kab xev.

   

   Zaj duab xis vapor txheej yog nteg nrog kev sib tshooj thiab tsau nrog nkhaus

3. Ntxiv mus, cov haujlwm tau pauv mus rau sab nraud ntawm cov txheej txheem rafter, qhov twg daim nyias nyias thaiv dej tau nteg dua ob txhais ceg nyob hauv txoj kev ib yam li vapor barrier hauv qab. Lub installation yuav tsum pib ntawm qhov hauv qab ntawm eaves.

4. Cov lus sib dhos ntawm cov ntxaij ntoo tau raug ntsia thiab kho kom sai raws rafters, rau cov ntoo uas ntsia hlau tau siv nrog qhov ntev ntawm 70 hli. Fastener spacing 40-60 cm.

   

   Txhawm rau tsim qhov cua qhov sib txawv, cov kab tuav txuas nrog ntawm rafters, uas ntawm kab rov tav lathing tso

5. Lathing cov ntsiab lus - cov laug cam raug ntsia thoob plaws ntawm lub txee teeb tsa. Lawv tau muab txuas nrog tus kheej tapping screws 50 cm ntev.
6. Nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm lathing, plywood nplooj los yog OSB cov laug cam tau nruab thiab nrawm hauv daim phiaj ntsuas. Fastener spacing 20-30 cm.

Feem ntau, cov qauv zoo li no yog siv yog tias qhov sib kis lathing tsis tuaj ntawm lub ru tsev, lossis nws tau sib sau ua ke los ntawm cov laug cam 20-25 hli tuab. Qhov sib txawv no yuav tsis txaus rau kev tshem tawm ntawm cov huab cua ntub.

Daim vis dis aus: cov cai rau tso txheej tawv ntawm lub ru tsev

Nruam lathing rau cov vov mos cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj yog tib txoj kev los lav qhov zoo ntawm qhov tshwm sim zaum kawg. Qhov khoob tsawg kawg yuav tsis txo nws, tab sis kev ua tiav ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau muaj - kev tsim lub tiaj tiaj thiab cov khoom saum npoo - yuav tsim cov kev mob uas lub ru tsev mos yuav pab nws lub sijhawm lav.