Cov Ntaub Ntawv Vov Vov: Hom Nrog Cov Lus Piav Qhia, Cov Yam Ntxwv Thiab Tshuaj Xyuas, Cov Qauv Nruab

2024 Tus sau: Bailey Albertson | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-17 22:35

Yuav ua li cas xaiv cov khoom siv yob lub vov tsev thiab ua ib lub ru tsev nrog koj tus kheej tes

Kev vov tsev yog lub sijhawm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim kho lub tsev hauv lub tebchaws. Kev nplij siab ntawm kev nyob hauv nws lossis kev siv lub tsev rau nws lub hom phiaj yog nyob ntawm qhov zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm no. Lub ru tsev yuam kev yog qhov tsis zoo nrog kev poob nyiaj ntau.

Cov Ntsiab Lus

• 1 Dov vov tsev cov ntaub ntawv - dab tsi yog nws

  • 1.1 Duab ntu: yob lub ru tsev
  • 1.2 Dab tsi yog hom ntaub ntawv yob vov tsev
• 2 Ntawm qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yob

• 3 Cov yam ntxwv ntawm qee yam khoom siv

  • 3.1 Cov khoom siv raws li bitumen thiab bitumen-polymer sib xyaw
  • 3.2 "Filisol"
  • 3.3 Technoelast
  • 3.4 Cov ntaub ntawv vov tus kheej lub vov tsev

• 4 Yuav ua li cas xaiv cov ntaub ntawv vov vov

  4.1 Yees duab: xaiv cov khoom yob lub vov tsev

• 5 Khoom siv ru tsev

  5.1 Yees duab: kev teeb tsa lub vov tsev mos yob

• 6 Khuv xim lub ru tsev

  6.1 Daim Duab Video: yuav ua li cas thiaj li tshem cov txheej qub ntawm cov vov tsev ntawm lub ru tsev

Dov vov tsev cov ntaub ntawv - yog dab tsi nws

Thaum txhim tsa lub tsev nyob hauv lub tebchaws, ib txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb yog tsim kom muaj lub vov tsev zoo nkauj thiab ruaj khov. Koj tuaj yeem ua kom lub ru tsev kom pom kev zoo nkauj los ntawm kev siv cov ntaub ntawv vov. Raws li kev coj ua qhia, lawv yog cov siv yooj yim tshaj plaws, thiab lub ru tsev uas tau teeb tsa tau tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntev txog 25 xyoos. Kev kho ntawm lub ru tsev no kuj tseem tau yooj yim, nyob rau hauv nws tsis tsim nyog los rhuav lub txheej qub, tab sis nws txaus los nruab thaj ua rau thaj chaw ntawm cov dej xau.

Yob cov ntaub ntawv vov yog dav siv rau lub ru tsev nrog txoj kab nqes ntawm 10-30 degrees. Xws li cov txheej yog yooj yim rau ob qho tib si pitched ru tsev thiab complex-puab-ru tsev. Cov ntawv npog zoo kawg nkaus yuav siv ob qho tib si rau ntawm lub tsev cov tsev me thiab hauv tsev me.

Cov duab thaij duab: dov vov tsev

Cov ntaub ntawv yob niaj hnub saib zoo nkauj thiab txhim khu kev tiv thaiv lub ru tsev los ntawm txia

Qee cov ntaub ntawv weld zoo li txhaws

Ua ntej yuav muab cov ntaub ntawv yob, lub-ru tsev yuav tsum yog rwb thaiv tsev

Cov ntaub ntawv yob raws li siv fiberglass tuaj yeem siv hauv cov huab cua feem ntau ntawm peb lub teb chaws, tsuas yog rau qhov txias tshaj plaws

Dab tsi yog cov ntaub ntawv yob vov tsev

Roll-shaped mos vov tsev cov ntaub ntawv tau dav sawv cev hauv cov tsev khw cov ntaub ntawv ua lag luam, thiab lawv cov ntau yam tseem nthuav dav. Ntxiv mus, lawv muaj ntau yam ntawm cov yam ntxwv kev.

Raws li tus txheej txheem ntawm daim ntawv thov, yob txheej tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov xwm txheej raws li cov hauv qab no:

1. Cov phom mos muag hauv cov ntawv yob, uas yog glued rau lub hauv paus thaum nruab nrog siv polymer lossis bituminous mastics.
2. Cov ntaub ntawv nrog tus kheej nplaum nplaum rau sab nraub qaum. Txhawm rau nruab rau lawv, nws txaus kom tshem tawm cov zaj duab xis tiv thaiv los ntawm qhov chaw thiab nias nws tiv thaiv lub hauv paus npaj.

3. Cov khoom yaj tag rau saum ru tsev nrog roj hlawv.

   

   Cov pa roj-vov cov ntawv vov tsev feem ntau yog siv los npog cov tiaj thiab cov vov tsev

Cov ntsuas tsis zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv vov vov cov ntawv vov tsev yog tswj hwm los ntawm GOST 30547–97, uas qhia tag nrho cov yam ntxwv kev ntawm cov khoom no.

Kev faib tawm los ntawm hom pib yog li hauv qab no:

1. Los ntawm hom vaj huam sib luag siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim khoom - nrog puag lossis hauv paus.
2. Los ntawm cov hom puag siv, uas tuaj yeem ua asbestos, fiberglass, duab los qhia thiab polymer.
3. Raws li cov hom ntawm txheej sab nraud, cov ntaub ntawv yob tau muab faib ua polymer, bituminous lossis polymer-bitumen.
4. Raws li cov lus sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov txheej tiv thaiv, lawv tuaj yeem yog ntawv ci-txheej, nrog ib txheej zaj duab xis los yog nrog ua hmoov.

Thawj cov neeg sawv cev ntawm chav kawm ntawm cov txheej txheem dov yob yog cov khoom siv vov tsev thiab rubemast. Lawv tau siv ntev ntev rau kev vov tsev thiab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau niaj hnub no. Cov laj thawj rau lawv qhov muaj npe yog lawv cov nqi qis thiab qhov siv tau ntev.

Rubemast yog kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev thiab muaj kev pab cuam lub neej ntev txog 15 xyoos vim siv cov khoom tshwj xeeb thiab cov yas ua

Ntawm qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yob

Txheeb xyuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev siv cov ntaub ntawv yob rau lub vov tsev, koj yuav tsum xav txog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov chav kawm ntawm cov tsho tiv no:

1. Tsawg qhov hnyav. Yob cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim xa mus rau lub chaw teeb tsa, txawm tias tsis tas siv cov tshuab nqa. Kev teeb tsa yuav tsum muaj kev siv zog me ntsis thaum sau ntawv lub yob.
2. Ntau cov kev siv. Cov khoom siv tuaj yeem siv rau ntawm lub ru tsev nrog txhua qhov nqes hav ntawm qhov nqes hav, hauv qhov chaw nyuaj thiab thaj chaw thiab thaj chaw uas muaj kev teeb tsa yooj yim nrog kev kho kom haum rau thaj chaw teeb tsa.
3. Tsis muaj suab nrov thaum ua haujlwm hauv txhua hom nag lossis daus.
4. Tus nqi siab nruj. Cov khoom tso rau hauv cov txheej txheem yob kom zoo yog monolithic txheej uas tsis pub cov dej hla dhau ib qho kev ua haujlwm.

5. Yooj yim installation. Pw hauv pem teb tsis tas yuav muaj kev paub tshwj xeeb, thiab cov txuj ci tsim nyog tau tsim kho sai heev.

   

   Qee hom kev pleev xim tsis tas yuav muaj kev txawj nkev roj

6. UV tiv taus. Cov khoom siv nrog kev tiv thaiv qias tsis cuam tshuam tsis zoo thaum lub hnub ci.
7. Yooj yim kho ntawm cov txheej cuam tshuam nrog qhov tsis tau ntawm kev sib khi uas tsis muaj hle cov laus txheej siv thaj ua rau thaj chaw.
8. Kev phooj ywg ib puag ncig ntawm cov khoom siv. Cov ntawv yob tsis tuaj yeem tawm cov pa phem mus rau cov chaw ib puag ncig.

Cov sab tsis zoo suav nrog:

1. Qhov nyuaj ntawm tau txais siab nruj. Thaum txhim kho lub ru tsev, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nruj me ntsis raws li txhua qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis, zam kev tsim cov pa npuas thiab cov khoom xoob nyob ntawm cov pob qij txha.
2. Kev siv cov haujlwm kub thaum txhim kho lub ru tsev. Ntawm qee hom puag (ntoo, plywood, board ua los ntawm cov khoom sib txuas), cua sov nrog qhib hluav taws yog txwv tsis pub. Siv tshuab zawv plaub hau tuaj yeem siv tau.

3. Nyuaj nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim siab qhov chaw ntawm lub ru tsev txia - qhov tsis xws yuav ua kom deb ntawm qhov chaw ntawm nws qhov kev ua kom pom. Nws yog txiav txim siab tsuas yog visually.

   

   Sij hawm dhau mus, cov khoom siv yob kuj tuaj yeem tawm, hauv cov chaw zoo li no nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau tso pliav

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm qee cov ntaub ntawv

Ntawm txhua qhov kev muaj ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yob hauv khw, ntau pawg tuaj yeem sib txawv.

Cov ntaub ntawv raws li bitumen thiab bitumen-polymer sib xyaw

Cov no yog, raws li txoj cai, cov khoom lag luam tau txais tos, uas yog los ntawm cov iav ntaub los yog ntaub tsis-ntaub iav. Thaum siv cov txheej txheem elastic polyester, ib qho khoom siv nrog qhov txheeb ze ntawm qhov ntev ntawm 16-30% ntawm thawj qhov loj tau. Cov khoom no suav nrog:

• isoelast;
• isoplast;
• bikroplast;
• bikroelast;
• dneproflex;
• filisol thiab lwm yam.

Lub tawg tawg rau cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no thaum ncav khoom yog 30-60 kg. Qhov kev txwv tsis pub dhau rau Lavxias teb sab yuav tuaj yeem tsis yooj yim ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm 25 degrees qis dua xoom.

Ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tiv thaiv dej hauv tsev yog Technoelast txheej tsim los ntawm Lavxias lub tuam txhab TechnoNIKOL. Nws cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus yam ntxwv yog lub siab hydrophobicity ntawm txheej thaum lub pob qij txha ntawm cov canvases. Rau qhov no, thev naus laus zis ntawm tshuab diffusion tau tsim. Thaum siv, ua rau cov nplais pob nyas tig mus rau hauv cov txheej tas mus li. Hauv kev tsim cov thev naus laus zis, tsis tsuas yog cov ntawv sib xyaw polymer-bitumen, tab sis kuj siv cov roj hmab tsim, uas tso cai kom tau txais cov yam ntxwv muaj zog dua.

Cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov huab cua feem ntau. Nws tseem muaj qhov ua kom tsis muaj dej tsis muaj zog vim yog siv cov yeeb yaj kiab pem hauv ntej thiab yav dhau los. Nws cov tuab tuaj yeem siab txog plaub millimeters. Qhov loj ntawm ib square meter ntawm cov khoom yog 4.9 kg. Lub tsoo tawg yog 60 kg nyob rau hauv ntev thiab 40 kg nyob rau hauv dav.

Technoelast, zoo li ntau yam ntaub ntawv vov vov, yog thov los ntawm fusion

Filisol

Qhov no yog qhov muaj feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab chaw tsim khoom rau ntau hom yob vov tsev cov ntaub ntawv. Ua raws li cov xwm txheej ntawm lawv cov kev ua haujlwm hauv cov huab cua phem heev, thermoplastic elastomer ntawm SBS hom yog siv hauv nws, uas ua rau nws tau txais cov khoom siv sib tw, ib qho zoo tshaj plaws hauv cov kab niaj hnub ntawm cov khoom lag luam zoo sib xws.

Filisole ua raws li fiberglass lossis polyester npuag coated ntawm ob sab nrog polymer-bitumen binder nrog thermoplastic elastomer.

Cov khoom siv no yog cim nrog cov haujlwm hauv qab no:

1. Versatility. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lub zog siab thiab daim ntawv qhia kev ywj pheej ua rau nws siv ob txoj hauv kev thermal (fusion) thiab mechanical fastening of strips thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa. Qhov no tso cai rau cov khoom siv thaum tsim lub ru tsev uas siv qhov qhib hluav taws.
2. Nqi-ua hauj lwm zoo rau fusion mounting. Qhov tshwj xeeb mastic txheej nrog qhov siab elasticity thiab adhesion tus nqi tuaj yeem txuag hluav taws xob thaum txhim kho cov xim txheej.

3. Txo kev txo zog ntawm kev siv zog thaum tso kev siv tshuab. Lub zog ruaj khov tso cai rau cov txheej los siv rau ib txheej.

   

   Filisol tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev ua haujlwm hnyav, yog li nws tuaj yeem siv ntawm qhov kub ntawm 50 degrees qis dua xoom

Technoelast

Nws yog lub vov tsev cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb rau kev tsim lub vov tsev muaj pa. Feem ntau, o tuaj yeem pom ntawm ib txheej tshiab, tsim thaum cov dej noo noo hauv nws. Qhov ua rau yuav tau ya raws los ntawm txheej screed lossis txheej rwb thaiv tsev. Kev tshem tawm ntawm qhov tsis xws yog nqa tawm los ntawm kev qhib lub npuas thiab thov ib thaj rau thaj chaw puas.

Cov xwm txheej no yuav zam tau los ntawm kev siv cov vov vov cov khoom "Technoelast". Hais txog lub cuab yeej thiab cov khoom siv coj los sib txawv, nws txawv me me los ntawm cov khoom lag luam txheem, tab sis cov dav hlau qis tau kho raws li qhov qub. Cov nplaum tau siv txuas ntxiv rau nws saum npoo, tab sis muaj cov dej ntws nrog cov ntaws tawm ntawm cov khau khiab. Thaum glued rau lub hauv paus, xws li cov khoom siv ua raws li cov txheej nplaum, thiab cov chaw xoob yog qhov chaw rau cov dej noo khiav tawm.

Fastening ntawm dov technoelast yog ua neeg kho tshuab.

Yob cov khoom "Technoelast" tso cai rau koj los ua lub ru tsev tsis muaj pa npuas

Tus kheej-nplaum yob lub vov tsev cov ntaub ntawv

Cov ntaub ntawv nws tus kheej nplaum txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymer-bitumen zoo tib yam los ntawm qhov pom muaj cov ntawv nplaum rau ntawm qhov chaw hauv qab. Cov txheej txheem, cov ntaub muaj nrog polyester puag nrog qhov muaj zog dua cov hlua fiberglass. Ntawm ob sab, nws yog them nrog polymer-bitumen muaj pes tsawg leeg nrog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov thermoplastic. Tom qab ntawd tus nplaum tau thov thiab them nrog zaj duab xis tiv thaiv.

Thaum txhim kho, nws txaus kom tshem tawm nws thiab nteg cov khoom ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub ru tsev, dov nws nrog cov menyuam elastic. Qhov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis tso cai rau cov txheej siv rau ntawm hluav taws-phom sij (ntoo).

Yob tuaj yeem tso rau ntawm qhov kub txog +5 ^o C, tab sis nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm 5-15 ^o C, nws saum npoo yuav tsum tau muab rhaub nrog lub tsev hairdryer nrog cov cua ntws kub txog ntawm 400 degrees.

Kev ua hauj lwm kub ntau yog -50 txog +60 ^o C.

Cov ntaub ntawv nws tus kheej siv tau tuaj yeem siv rau lub ru tsev, suav nrog cov hluav taws tsis zoo

Yuav ua li cas xaiv cov ntaub ntawv vov vov

Thaum txiav txim siab cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav siv rau lub-ru tsev, cov xwm txheej hauv qab no yuav tsum txiav txim siab:

1. Cov qauv kos duab ntawm cov vov tsev. Kev xaiv ntawm cov vov tsev cov khoom siv yog nyob ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm txoj kab nqes, qhov tsis yooj yim ntawm cov duab thiab geometry. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv qhov kev ntxim siab ntawm cov nqi them thiab nws ua raws li lwm yam khoom siv ntawm qhov chaw.
2. Dab tsi tseem ceeb yog qhov loj ntawm lub nra ntawm lub rafter system ntawm lub tsev, thiab, yog li ntawd, nws lub zog kawg ntawm lub hauv paus.
3. Qhov xav tau rau qhov ua tau ntev ntawm cov qauv. Kev txiav txim siab qhov teeb meem no yog hom qauv. Piv txwv li, cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev rau lub tsev nyob sib txawv me ntsis txawv dua li chav ua noj lub caij sov.

Tsis hais txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshiab vov tsev, cov ntaub ntawv yob tseem tseem nrov heev. Qhov no feem ntau vim lawv tus nqi qis dua.

Daim video: xaiv cov khoom siv yob lub ru tsev

Cov khoom siv ru tsev

Rau cov cuab yeej ntawm lub ru tsev, ntau yam yob cov khoom siv nrog txaws yog siv - iav thiab zoo nkauj cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev, vov tsev zoo nkaus li, tar-bituminous cov khoom lag luam, ntxiv rau cov ntaub ntawv tsis npog xws li waterproofing lossis glassine.

Kev tsim khoom siv vov tsev tau faib ua ob theem loj - npaj thiab loj.

Npaj ua haujlwm suav nrog cov hauv qab no:

1. Tu kom huv ntawm cov khib nyiab thiab av.

   

   Ua ntej yuav muab cov ntaub ntawv yob, lub ru tsev saum npoo yuav tsum tau ntxuav ntawm cov khib nyiab thiab cov seem ntawm lub qub txheej

2. Rewinding rolls ntawm topcoat nrog kev sib txig sib luag ntawm cov hmoov xoob.
3. Kev npaj ntawm mastic.
4. Kev npaj cov cuab yeej tsim nyog.

Muaj cov roj av txias thiab kub. Thawj zaug ntawm lawv tau los ntawm kev sib xyaw dewatered bitumen nrog fillers los ntawm fluff txiv qaub, asbestos fibers thiab lwm tus. Diesel roj siv ua kuab tshuaj. Kev sawv daws kuj yog dewatered bitumen lossis pitch, cov ntim sau yog tib yam.

Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb muaj xws li:

1. Tso vapor barrier thiab rwb thaiv tsev. Hauv qhov no, ntws funnels raug ntsia.

   

   Lub vov rwb thaiv tsev muaj peev xwm ua tau nrog cov pob zeb hauv av, polymer lossis cov khoom siv txau

2. Daim ntawv thov ntawm cov xim vapor barrier - kub lossis txias, txheej tuab 2 hli. Qhov glued vapor barrier yog teem dua dhau txheej ntawm kub mastic los ntawm gluing los xij ntawm glassine.

3. Screed ntaus ntawv ua los ntawm cov cement-sand mortar lossis cam khwb cia xuab zeb asphalt.

   

   Ntawm cov txheej kub tso-insulating daim hlau, ib qho screed nrog pob zeb ua kev sib xyaw nrog txoj kab ke obligatory ntawm txoj hlua khi tiv thaiv yog ua

4. Ntawm qhov junctions ntawm screed rau saum npoo ntsug (sab, kav dej), qhov kev sib tshuam nrog cov hluav taws xob ntev txog 50 hli yog ua kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub ntsej muag zoo tshaj plaws.

5. Qhov screed nto yog primed nrog bitumen diluted hauv ib 2: 1 piv. Nws yuav tsum tau ua li ob peb teev tom qab nws txhaws.

   

   Qhov luag pib ua tau ob peb teev tom qab kev ua vaj tse screed tau teeb tsa.

6. Gluing los xij ntawm yob txheej. Nws yog tsim los ntawm kev thov mastic thiab dov tawm cov txheej txheej txheej. Lawv yuav tsum muab nias rau lub hauv paus thiab muab dov nrog lub log. Rau daim ntawv thov txheej txheem, cov tshuab pa hlawv roj tau siv.

   

   Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov pa saum toj kawg nkaus los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yob yog nqa tawm siv cov roj hlawv

Kev ua haujlwm vov tsev yog ua tiav ntawm qhov kub tsis qis dua-20 ^o C. Hauv qhov no, qhov chaw txhawb nqa yuav tsum tau sov kom txog +5 ^o C. Qhov no yog kev siv zog siv zog, yog li, hauv kev coj ua, kev ua haujlwm vov tsev. tawm tsuas yog hauv lub caij sov.

Cov mastic tau xa mus rau qhov chaw ntawm kev ua haujlwm rhuab mus txog qhov kub li ntawm 180 ^o (rau kub) thiab 70 ^o rau khaub thuas. Thaum ua haujlwm ntawm lub vov tsev, cov ntaub ntawv yob tau dov raws txoj kab nqes los ntawm hauv qab mus rau sab saum toj nrog kev sib tshooj ntawm cov ntawv nyias ntawm tsawg kawg 10 cm.

Yees duab: ntaus ntawv ntawm lub yob mos lub-ru tsev

Dismantling lub-ru tsev

Txhawm rau tsim lub ru tsev tshiab uas ntseeg tau, qee qhov nws tsim nyog los rhuav tshem lub txheej qub.

Hauv qhov no, qee qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom pom:

1. Haum rau qhov kub thiab txias. Nws yog qhov zoo dua yog kom ua tiav txoj haujlwm ntawm qhov kub tsis tshaj 20 ^o C. Hauv cov xwm txheej no, cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev yuav tsis muag dhau thiab yuav raug tshem tawm yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj.
2. Txhawm rau kom tiav kev ua haujlwm, koj yuav xav tau cov cuab yeej - ib qho chasing txiav thiab cov ncej vov.
3. Cov haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov neeg muaj kev paub zoo, vim nws yuav tsum muaj kev sib zog ntau.

Dismantling yog nqa tawm hauv cov txheej txheem hauv qab no:

1. Nrog txheej txheej txog li peb centimeters, lub ru tsev raug txiav rau hauv plaub fab mus txog ib nrab ntawm ib lub meter qhov loj me. Rau qhov no, ib qho thaiv phab ntsa tau siv. Qhov seem raug sib cais los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub ru tsev nrog cov vuas vov, siv lawv los ua npoo thiab tawv ntoo.
2. Nrog lub vov thaiv hnyav vov tsev, nws raug txiav cov kab txiav hlau. Lub vov vov yog ib qho khoom siv sib txawv uas ib tus ntoo tuav tau hloov los ntawm cov hlau uas ua los ntawm cov yeeb nkab steel uas muaj qhov ntev txog 40 millimeters. Nws yog welded rau lub taus ntawm lub pob tw thiab pabcuam raws li lub zog thaum undermining qhov tws ib feem.

Lub vov vov tsev yog siv los tshem cov laus txheej.

Cov khoom qub vov tsev tshem tawm ntawm lub ru tsev yog khaws cia hauv cov thawv rau kev pov tseg ntxiv.

Daim vis dis aus: yuav ua li cas tshem cov laus txheej ntawm cov vov tsev ntawm lub ru tsev

Qhov zoo ntawm lub tsev npog xyuas kom nws lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntev thiab xis nyob hauv nws. Kev xaiv ntawm lub viav vias tsev vov yooj yim yog qhov tsim nyog los ntawm kev khwv nyiaj txiag ntawm kev xav, tab sis yuav tsum muaj kev tshwj xeeb rau qhov kev ua tau zoo. Yog li ntawd, ua-nws-koj tus kheej ua haujlwm tau zoo tshaj plaws nrog kev koom tes ntawm tus tswv uas muaj kev paub dhau los.